<p><b>Synopsis</b>: Letter from Franz Kafka complaining of writer’s block up for auction.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--SUPERS--</b></p>\n<p>Sotheby's (pre-fonted)</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--LEAD IN-- </b></p>\n<p>A LETTER SET TO BE AUCTIONED LATER THIS MONTH SHOWS AUTHOR FRANZ KAFKA'S STRUGGLE WITH WRITER'S BLOCK.</p>\n<p><b>--VO SCRIPT-- </b></p>\n<p>THE LETTER -- ADDRESSED TO FRIEND AND AUSTRIAN POET ALBERT EHRENSTEIN -- DETAILS HIS STRUGGLE TO PUT A PEN TO PAPER WHILE HE UNDERWENT TREATMENT FOR TUBERCULOSIS.</p>\n<p>ACCORDING TO AUCTION HOUSE SOTHEBY'S -- KAFKA WROTE THE LETTER IN RESPONSE TO EHRENSTEIN ASKING HIM TO CONTRIBUTE TO HIS MAGAZINE.</p>\n<p>THE PRAGUE-BORN JEWISH WRITER STRUGGLED THROUGHOUT HIS SHORT LIFE WITH ANXIETY, HOPELESSNESS AND ISOLATION -- THEMES THAT CAME TO DEFINE HIS WORK.</p>\n<p>THE ONE-PAGE LETTER DATED SPRING 19-20 IS EXPECTED TO SELL FOR UP TO 115-THOUSAND DOLLARS AT SOTHEBY'S IN LONDON.</p>\n<p>KAFKA IS BEST-KNOWN FOR HIS 19-15 SHORT STORY -- 'THE METAMORPHOSIS.' </p>\n<p>HIS WORKS -- ALL WRITTEN IN GERMAN -- HAVE BEEN WIDELY ADAPTED FOR THE CINEMA, T-V AND THEATER.</p>\n<p><b>--TAG-- </b></p>\n<p>THE AUCTION RUNS FROM JUNE 26-TH TO JULY 10-TH AT SOTHEBY'S IN LONDON.</p>\n<p><b>-----END-----CNN.SCRIPT-----</b></p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--KEYWORD TAGS--</b></p>\n<p>SOTHEBYS LONDON AUCTION FRANZ KAFKA WRITING AUTHOR</p>

Violent anti-Soviet demonstrations and uprising in Prague, Czechoslovakia after Soviet occupation to end Prague Spring liberalization measures. Large crowds of anti-Soviet demonstrators on the street protest outside the Soviet Embassy. A Soviet flag on the building of Soviet Embassy. Demonstrators set fire to the communist Soviet flag. The flag burns. Demonstrators spread violence on the street. Police capture a demonstrator and take him away. Demonstrators set Soviet flag on fire on street. Location: Prague Czechoslovakia. Date: December 4, 1968.

Czechoslovakia - Pan Am's World. A Pan American Airlines film about Czechoslovakia in the 1970s. 1970s, Czechoslovakia, animals grazing in valley, horse-drawn plough going through corn field, lush green fields and mountains, forest, crosses over graves in cemetery, castle, Czech Republic Coat of Arms, marching drummer, medieval reenactment with people in medieval clothing, bare, stone castle interior, open window in castle facing forest, man eating meat with hands, young men playing medieval recorders, bystanders watching tournament / duels, woman putting medal over knight's head, forest, deer in grassy field, pile of timber, cornfield, Cesky Krumlov, Cesky Krumlov Castle and Tower, gothic and baroque styles, archway, courtyard, Karlovy Vary, Carlsbad, St. Mary Magdalene Church, statues, robed woman operating spa bath, people walking outside and through colonnades, people drinking hot springs water out of Karlovy Vary cups, swan in water, woman sitting on park bench, people walking on wooded path, promenade, buildings, horse-drawn plough in valley field, cow grazing in field, castles in countryside, woods, Prague, buildings along Vltava River, boat POV along Vltava River, Krizik Singing Fountain, string quartet performing Mozart in hall, statues on railing overlooking city, rooftops, garden, U Fleku pub beer hall, mugs being filled with dark brown beer from tap, server carrying and serving tray with mugs of beer to people at table, antique cash register, meat roasting on spit, man smoking cigarette, musicians performing near spit, server carrying tray of food, people eating, St. Vitus Cathedral interior and exterior, towers, Statue of St. Wenceslas in Wenceslas Square

The Soviets lead an invasion of Czechoslovakia in response to the liberalising effects of the Prague Spring reforms. Co-production with the BBC.

b&w newsreel - Czechoslovakia - Russian invasion of Prague - 1968 - Prague Spring - LS Russian military helicopter lands at Prague airport - military transport planes land - revolution - Communism - Democracy - freedom

STATE DEPARTMENT DAILY BRIEFING TOPICS INCLUDE:-ANNIVERSARY OF RUSSIA INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA (PRAGUE SPRING)-LELAND AND DELEGATION BODIES HEADED HOME-POLAND

In Czechoslovakia, Alexander Dubcek and other politicians arrive at an emergency meeting to reform the Communist regime under Soviet leadership.

1958 UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL 5

PRAGUE SPRING

Burned out vehicles at the height of the Prague Spring invasion.

B ROLL: OC 50 SILENT CONTINUATION OF FTG OF CZECH EMBASSY. VS EXT EMBASSY.

Russians to talk in Czechoslovakia; *ALSO AVAILABLE AS FS220768010* b continued: CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Prague: MS Prof Nigrin's legs: R-L to BV on balcony overlooking river: CS Professor Nigrin (Leader of K231) interview SOF: - 'Yes, you know............ in those time: 'ZOOM IN to CU: 'Well you know I was.................very ashamed:' GV PULL OUT from sign: 'K 231' to Hart: SOF: - ............should be discredited': NEG: 16mm: ITN(Taylor): 5.53mins: 183ft: 22.7.68/NAT: C/Copy 53732

This silent newsreel footage shows the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces in 1968, and the heroic resistance offered by ordinary Czech citizens. The assault followed the Prague Spring period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubcek was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), and continued until 21 August when the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the reforms.<p><p>The Prague Spring reforms were a strong attempt by Dubcek to grant additional rights to the citizens of Czechoslovakia in an act of partial decentralization of the economy and democratization. The freedoms granted included a loosening of restrictions on the media, speech and travel. After national discussion of dividing the country into a federation of three republics, Bohemia, Moravia-Silesia and Slovakia, Dubcek oversaw the decision to split into two, the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. This was the only formal change that survived the end of Prague Spring, though the relative success of the nonviolent resistance undoubtedly prefigured and facilitated the peaceful transition to liberal democracy with the collapse of Soviet hegemony in 1989.<p><p>The reforms, especially the decentralization of administrative authority, were not received well by the Soviets, who, after failed negotiations, sent half a million Warsaw Pact troops and tanks to occupy the country. A large wave of emigration swept the nation. A spirited non-violent resistance was mounted throughout the country, involving attempted fraternization, painting over and turning street signs (on one occasion an entire invasion force from Poland was routed back out of the country after a day's wandering), defiance of various curfews, etc. While the Soviet military had predicted that it would take four days to subdue the country the resistance held out for eight months, and was only circumvented by diplomatic stratagems (see below). There were sporadic acts of violence and several suicides by self-immolation (such as that of Jan Palach), but there was no military resistance. Czechoslovakia remained controlled until 1989, when the velvet revolution ended pro-Soviet rule peacefully, undoubtedly drawing upon the successes of the non-violent resistance twenty years earlier. The resistance also became an iconic example of civilian-based defense, which, along with unarmed civilian peacekeeping constitute the two ways that nonviolence can be and occasionally has been applied directly to military or paramilitary threats.<p><p>After the invasion, Czechoslovakia entered a period of normalization: subsequent leaders attempted to restore the political and economic values that had prevailed before Dubcek gained control of the KSC. Gustáv Husák, who replaced Dubcek and also became president, reversed almost all of Dubcek's reforms. The Prague Spring inspired music and literature such as the work of Václav Havel, Karel Husa, Karel Kryl, and Milan Kundera's novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being.<p><p>We encourage viewers to add comments and, especially, to provide additional information about our videos by adding a comment! See something interesting? Tell people what it is and what they can see by writing something for example like: "01:00:12:00 -- President Roosevelt is seen meeting with Winston Churchill at the Quebec Conference."<p><p>This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com

&lt;p>&lt;b>**This package/segment contains third party material. Unless otherwise noted, this material may only be used within this package/segment.**&lt;/b>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;b>***This pkg contains photos from AP/Getty Images that are only cleared for use within the pkg. Affiliates may not cut these photos out of the pkg for individual use.***&lt;/b>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;b>AFP VIDEO: ***This PKG/segment contains video from AFP that is only cleared for use within the pkg. Affiliates may not cut this video out of the pkg for individual use.***&lt;/b>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;b>--SUPERS&lt;/b>--&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>00:01 – 00:05&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>John Delaney&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Senior Curator, Imperial War Museum&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>:08-:13&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>UKRAINIAN MILITARY DEFENSE&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>:13-:18&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>FACEBOOK; UKRAINIAN 53RD BRIGAD&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>:18-:25&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>AFP&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>:44-:51&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Maxar&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>:51-:56&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>From VK&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>:56-01:06&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>From Telegram&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>March 22&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>01:06-01:14&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>From Telegram &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>01:15-01:18&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>John Delaney&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Senior Curator, Imperial War Museum&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>01:25-01:34&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Uralvagonzavod&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>FILE&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>01:34-01:38&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Getty Images&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>01:38-01:46&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>SAUDI POOL&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Kuwait, 1991&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>01:46-01:51&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>POOL&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Kuwait, 1991&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>01:51-01:56&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>UKRAINE ARMED FORCES&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>01:56-02:08&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Trevor Taylor&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Professorial Fellow in Defence, RUSI&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>02:08-02:17&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Telegram / Dmitry Medvedev&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>02:18 – 02:23&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Clare Sebastian&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>CNN International Correspondent&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>02:52 – 02:57&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>John Delaney&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Senior Curator, Imperial War Museum&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>02:59-03:04&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Telegram / OUTPOST&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>03:04-03:13&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>TWITTER / @OLEKSIIREZNIKOV&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;b>--LEAD IN&lt;/b>--&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>WESTERN SANCTIONS HAVE MADE RUSSIA’S ATTEMPTS AT RESTOCKING THE EQUIPMENT IT IS LOSING IN UKRAINE MUCH HARDER THAN LIKELY EXPECTED... &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>SO MUCH SO THAT MOSCOW IS NOW SENDING THE T-55 TANK, WHICH WAS ORIGINALLY BUILT JUST AFTER WORLD WAR TWO, TO THE BATTLEFIELD,&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>THESE ARE THE SAME TANKS TAHT ARE FOUND IN MUSEUMS. &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>CLARE SEBASTIAN HAS MORE ON THE STORY.&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;b>--REPORTER PKG-AS FOLLOWS&lt;/b>--&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>John Delaney, Senior Curator, Imperial War Museum: “What a missile will do is it will fly over the tank then down and 90 degrees straight into the top of the turret, which is less well defended.”&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>THIS SCENARIO HAS PLAYED OUT HUNDREDS OF TIMES OVER THE PAST 14 MONTHS -- &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>UKRAINE USING WESTERN WEAPONS TO DEVASTATING EFFECT...&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>RUSSIA – ACCORDING TO ONE RECENT ESTIMATE – HAS LOST UP TO HALF ITS OPERATIONAL TANK FLEET IN THIS WAR&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>NOW – WESTERN OFFICIALS SAY - RUSSIA'S DUSTING OFF MUCH OLDER MODELS TO REPLACE THEM.&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>John Delaney, Senior Curator, Imperial War Museum: "This gun was used on the SU-100 tank destroyer in 1944 - so it's a Second World War gun." &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>INCLUDING THE T-55…FIRST BUILT IN THE 1940s…&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>THIS ONE NOW HOUSED AT THE IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM OUTSIDE CAMBRIDGE… &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>SATELLITE IMAGERY FROM A STORAGE FACILITY IN RUSSIA'S FAR EAST&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>– SHOWING DOZENS OF TANKS HAVE BEEN REMOVED IN THE LAST YEAR&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>THIS IMAGE SHOWING THE T-55 AT THAT SAME FACILITY &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>VIDEO THAT FIRST SURFACED IN MARCH ALSO SHOWING A TRAINLOAD ON THE MOVE, REPORTEDLY SOMEWHERE IN RUSSIA.&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>THE RUSSIAN MINISTRY OF DEFENSE HASN’T CONFIRMED THEIR DEPLOYMENT…&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>BUT IN RECENT WEEKS, WELL-CONNECTED RUSSIAN MILITARY BLOGGERS HAVE BEGUN SHOWING T-55’S IN RUSSIAN-OCCUPIED TERRITORY IN UKRAINE&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>John Delaney, Senior Curator, Imperial War Museum: “There's so many of these that were manufactured, over 100,000 altogether and the parts, the basic mechanical parts are all interchangeable. So there will be vast stockpiles of these.” &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>THE T-55 WAS A CENTRAL PIECE OF THE SOVIET UNION’S COLD WAR ARSENAL&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>HELPING CRUSH DEMOCRATIC UPRISINGS IN EASTERN EUROPE…&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>HUNGARY IN 1956 – &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>THE PRAGUE SPRING 12 YEARS LATER&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>BUT – BY THE TIME IRAQ USED THEM IN THE GULF WAR IN THE EARLY 90s&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>THEY WERE ALREADY OUTCLASSED BY US M1 ABRAMS…AND BRITISH CHALLENGERS &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>EARLIER VERSIONS OF THE TANKS NATO COUNTRIES ARE NOW SUPPLYING TO UKRAINE &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Trevor Taylor, Professorial Fellow in Defence, RUSI: “I think faced with Western weapons, the Russians must expect very heavy casualties if they expect to move forward using that type of system.”&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>EXPERTS SAY BEHIND THE OFFICIAL PROPAGANDA…RUSSIA CANNOT BUILD NEW WEAPONS QUICK ENOUGH&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Clare Sebastian, CNN International Correspondent: “Western sanctions, primarily targeting Russia’s access to hi-tech parts for weapons have also made it much harder for it to manufacture more modern equipment, older simpler tanks like this thousands of them just sitting in storage provide an alternative.”&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>Clare: “This against say a leopard 2 or a challenger, what happens?”&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>John Delaney: “If it's a one-on-one tank engagement over a reasonable distance, this will lose every time. But in wooded or closer built environments, this is adequate.”&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>ITS ALSO SIMPLER TO MAINTAIN, AND TRAIN ON THAN NEWER SYSTEMS…AN ADVANTAGE FOR RUSSIA’S MOBILIZED TROOPS &lt;/p>\n&lt;p>John Delaney: “Dig a pit, sit it, sit the tank in the pit, so you can only see the turret and then that can be used to defend a front line against the counterattack.”&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>RUSSIA IS NOW DIGGING IN… – WITH EVERYTHING IT HAS&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>AS UKRAINE GETS READY FOR WHAT MAYBE IT’S BIGEST COUNTEROFFENSIVE YET.&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>CLARE SEBASTIAN CNN, DUXFORD, ENGLAND&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;b>-----END-----CNN.SCRIPT-----&lt;/b>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;b>--KEYWORD TAGS--&lt;/b>&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>RUSSIA UKRAINE MILITARY WAR TANKS WORLD WAR II MUSEUM WORLD&lt;/p>\n&lt;p>&lt;/p>

b&w - Newsreel - Soviets invade Prague - Russian tanks in street - Burning buildings and tanks - explosion in street - buildings on fire - Hospital interior - people in hospital beds - Doctor - Nurse - Bullet holes in window - group of children sit on bed - tanks roll through streets - people flee - News - Events - Politics - Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia - Prague Spring

Unused / unissued material - dates and locations may be unclear / unknown. <br/> <br/>Prague, Czechoslovakia <br/> <br/>MS. & LS. Paul Robeson standing on concert platform, at the Prague Spring Music Festival, singing 'My Curly Headed Baby' . MS High shot audience listening. CU Audience. MS Robeson singing. LS High shot, audience applauding. LS. Paul Robeson shaking hands with pianist and acknowledging applause.

History of Czechoslovakia from 1919 to 1968 depicts lives of its people and various crisis. Clip shows combination of still images and moving images, with background of Czech musical soundtrack. A burning Nazi plane shot by Soviet military during World War II. Soviet Red Army marches in Prague, Poland in May 1945 to rescue from German occupation and atrocities. People destroy Nazi emblems and symbols from buildings. People assemble in large numbers on roads and cheer for the incoming Soviet troops and tanks. Civilians of Czechoslovakia during normal life after World War 2. Workers in mines, farmers in field and women work in houses. Spread of communism and communists make a star formation during a rally in Prague (sometimes called the Prague Spring). President Edvard Benes in 1948 signs pact with Soviet government. Photos of Soviet General Joseph Stalin and other Soviet leaders in his office. Various Presidents and leaders of Czechoslovakia during the 1950s. Military and civilian communist groups march on streets in 1956. Czech Skoda automobile production factory scenes in mid 1960s. Workers work in factories and shops till night hours. A Czech textile factory scene. Czech men and women in 1960s fashions enjoying mugs of beer. Several scenes with Alexander Dubcek, (Alexander Dubcek), then Soviet leaders Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Brezhnev arrive for meeting with Dubcek. Smiling Czech people walk in cities and at a cafe during liberalization measures. Soviet and Warsaw Pact tanks, armored vehicles, infantry and aircraft start their occupation ending the Prague Spring in Prague, Bratislave and other cities in August 1968. Civilians protest, demonstrate, and argue with Soviet troops and demonstrate in streets. Some approach tanks and attempt to damage the tanks. Large crowd of civilians watch the retreating Soviet forces from Czechoslovakia in 1968. Red Army met with agitation and resistance on streets by civilians. Soviet troops fire at some demonstrating civilians. Location: Czechoslovakia. Date: 1968.

ORIG. COLOR 350 SOF. MAG. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ cue in ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CZECHOSLOVALIAN AMBASSADOR READS SPEECH GIVEN BY PRESIDENT OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA. ANSWERS QUESTIONS. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ cue out ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CI: WAR - CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

In Czechoslovakia, bystanders watch politicians arrive at an emergency meeting to reform the Communist regime under Soviet leadership.

SPRING STORMS CONTINUE TO PLAGUE THE SOUTHERN PLAINS. SEVERE WEATHER WAS REPORTED OVER MUCH OF THE REGION TUESDAY. TORNADOES TOUCHED DOWN IN OKLAHOMA, MISSOURI, AND ARKANSAS. NO DAMAGE OR INJURIES REPORTED. BUT IN SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA.. DAYLIGHT SHOWED MINOR DAMAGE FROM SOME EARLY MORNING TWISTERS THAT SPROUTED FROM SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THAT RUMBLED THROUGH THE REGION. AGAIN, NO INJURIES WERE REPORTED.(THE FUNNEL CLOUD VIDEO WAS SHOT NEAR WEATHERFORD, OKLAHOMA AS WELL AS THE FIRST HAIL PICTURES. THE PICTURES OF THE HAIL BIENG SCOOPED UP WAS SHOT IN NAVINA, OKLAHOMA. THE DAMAGE IN THE END WAS SHOT NEAR PRAGUE OKLAHOMA. THE TORNADO HAD TOUCHED DOWN EARLY TUESDAY MORNING. ALL THE OTHER VIDEO WAS SHOT TUESDAY AFTERNOON, EARLY EVENING. )

COLD WAR

This Day In History: The Soviet Invade Prague 8/20/68; VIntage BW footage of Soviet Union invading Prague, Chechoslovakia "Prague Spring"; BW footage of tanks, helicopters flying, dead in the street, civilians scream at soldiers and throw rocks at convoys (Rock throwers);