NOTES: COL PRINT LOCATION: PARIS TITLE: PARIS VOTING SERVICED DATE: 03/20/77 NO: LNC 80907 DATE SHOT: 03/20/77 LENGTH: 66FT SECONDS: 1.46 SOUND: MUTE DATE OF ARRIVAL: FILM SHOWS: ELECTORS VOTING IN THE SECOND ROUND OF THE FRENCH MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS ON SUNDAY: RIGHTIST CANDIDATE D'ORNANO AND LEFTIST FISZBIN CAST THEIR VOTES. LEAD IN: THE SECOND ROUND OF THE FRENCH MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS, HELD ON SUNDAY (20 MARCH 77), CONFIRMED THE TRENDS SEEN IN THE FIRST ROUND A WEEK AGO. THE LEFT HAVE OBTAINED 51 PER CENT OF THE VOTES, COMPARED WITH 46 PER CENT FOR THE RIGHTIST ALLIANCE. OVERALL, THE LEFT CONTROL ABOUT 66 PER CENT OF ALL TOWNS WITH MORE THAN 30,000 INHABITANTS...AND THERE ARE 221 OF THEM THROUGHOUT FRANCE. FEET R/SECS 9 0.14 MS VOTERS QUEUE AT POLLING STATION; ELECTION POSTERS (2) 21 0.34 MS WOMAN VOTING, OFFICIALS; PEOPLE QUEUE; VOTING (3) 33 0.53 D'ORNANO VOTES 37 0.59 MS D'ORNANO LEAVES 40 1.04 MS VOTING STATION; ZOOM IN ON PLACARD 42 1.07 MS TWO POSTERS 48 1.17 MS PEOPLE VOTING 59 1.34 MCU FISZBIN WITH WIFE; VOTES 62 1.39 MCU FISZBIN LEAVES 66 1.46 MS FISZBIN AND WIFE OUTSIDE COMMENTARY: IN THE CAPITAL, M MICHEL D'ORNANO, MINISTER OF INDUSTRY, AND THE CANDIDATE OF PRESIDENT GISCARD D'ESTAING FOR THE JOB OF MAYOR IN PARIS, HAS BEEN BEATEN IN HIS BID FOR POWER STANDING IN THE EIGHTEENTH ARRONDISSEMENT, HE WAS DEFEATED BY THE LEFTIST UNION AND THEIR COMMUNIST CANDIDATE, M. BAILLOT. M. D'ORNANO HOPED TO GAIN IN THIS SECOND VOTING ROUND...HE EXPECTED TO PICK UP VOTES FROM THE GAULLIST CANDIDATE, WHO WAS ELIMINATED IN THE FIRST ROUND. BUT THINGS DIDN'T WORK OUT THAT WAY. MANY OF THE VOTES D'ORNANO WAS COUNTING ON WENT INSTEAD TO THE LEFTIST UNION. THESE INCLUDED THE ENVIRONMENTALIST VOTE. IN ADDITION, THE LEFTIST UNION ALSO PICKED UP THE VOTES OF THE COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONARY PARTY, WHICH WAS ALSO ELIMINATED IN THE FIRST ROUND. THE PRINCIPAL COMMUNIST CANDIDATE, M FISZBIN, TOPPED THE LIST IN THE NINETEENTH ARRONDISSEMENT OF WHICH HE IS ALREADY THE DEPUTY. HE HAS BEEN RE-ELECTED WITHOUT ANY DIFFICULTY. THE RESULTS IN PARIS HAVE SHAPED UP AS FOLLOWS...GAULLISTS 45 SEATS; LEFTIST COALITION 47 SEATS; AND SUPPORTERS OF GISCARD D'ESTAING 17 SEATS. AS THINGS STAND, M. CHIRAC, WHO WAS ELECTED IN THE FIFTH ARRONDISSEMENT, IS LIKELY TO BE THE NEW MAYOR OF PARIS BY 23 MARCH THIS YEAR.

Senior Caucasian male janitor and mid-adult female janitor of African-American ethnicity together cleaning the school desks

<p><b>--TEASE--</b></p>\n<p>#NEWS: Black people experience strokes more frequently and at younger ages than White people </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>By Rikki Klaus, CNN </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Black people experience strokes more frequently and at younger ages than White people, according to a new study published today in the American Academy of Neurology’s medical journal “Neurology.” </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Researchers looked at stroke trends from more than two decades-worth of data from hospitals in Ohio and Kentucky. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>From 1993 to 2015, the overall rate of stroke decreased from 230 cases per 100,000 people to 188. For Black people, the rate decreased from 349 to 311, and for White people the rate decreased from 215 to 170. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>The rate of stroke among Black people was 50% to 80% higher than the rate among White people, with the strongest disparity happening for young to middle-aged Black adults, the study found. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>The study's author, Dr. Tracy Madsen, an associate professor of emergency medicine and epidemiology at Brown University, said the finding is, in some ways, encouraging. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>“We did see a decrease in stroke incidence over the 22-year period in Black adults. We had not seen that in prior study periods,” Dr. Madsen, the study's author and an associate professor of emergency medicine and epidemiology at Brown University, said. “It’s just that the disparity is still there.” </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>The study also revealed strokes are happening at younger ages for both Black and White people, but Black people experience them nearly 10-years younger than White people. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>“The age at which strokes were occurring did change over the 22-year period. So for example, in Black adults, the average age at which strokes occurred in this study was 66 in 1993 to just about 62 in 2015,” said Madsen, who is also an emergency medicine physician at both Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital. But there’s a disparity here, too, with the study showing among White people, the average age of stroke was 72 at the start of the study and just one year younger – 71 – in 2015. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Leslie Jordan, a Black woman, was just 33-years old when she says she had a stroke a couple of days after delivering her baby. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>“Pain that felt like someone had set my body on fire, like I was literally burning from the inside out,” Jordan told CNN. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>“I was fully paralyzed. I couldn't really see, walk or talk. I couldn't move,” said Jordan, adding “I had to fight for my life to survive.” </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Today, Jordan’s son is five. The mom says she's still recovering. She volunteers for the American Heart Association. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>“The reason why I'm such an advocate about this is because I don't want what happened to me to happen to any other black woman. I want it to end with me,” said Jordan. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p></p>\n<p> Sources: </p>\n<p> -Phone interview with Dr. Madsen, study author, associate professor of emergency medicine and epidemiology at Brown University, emergency medicine physician at Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital </p>\n<p>-Phone interview with Leslie Jordan, stroke survivor </p>\n<p>-Stroke study (will send in EXTRA) </p>\n<p><b>--SUPERS</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--VIDEO SHOWS</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--LEAD IN</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--VO SCRIPT</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--SOT</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--TAG</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--REPORTER PKG-AS FOLLOWS</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>-----END-----CNN.SCRIPT-----</b></p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--KEYWORD TAGS--</b></p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--MUSIC INFO---</b></p>\n<p></p>

Police quell a riot at the Route 66 Raceway in Joliet, IL.

LOST EXPRESS, THE

OPENING ARGUMENTS: LISA KEMLER, DEFENSE ATTORNEY15:53 - John Wayne Bobbitt Testimony Begins

BEACH FUN - PART ONE

ISSUE_NO = 2286 NO_OF_ITEMS = 5 COMMENTATOR = Leslie Mitchell ITEM_NO = 3 Racing drivers compete in the Formula One Race of Champions won by outsider Peter Gewthin in a Chevron-Chevrolet. CARD_FILE = 98952 CARD_TITLE : CONSUL RACE AND RACE OF CHAMPIONS SHOT_LIST : RACE OF CHAMPIONS - SV Formula 1 cars zoom out to front of No 66 Brabham driver Graham Hill: SV Hill putting fireproof scarf on: SV Emerson Fittipaldi talking: SV cars in pits, mechanic tightening wheel nuts up in fore ground: CU Hill sitting in his "Shadow Ford DNI": SV start of race of Champions pan with cars as they up front straight: LS No 6 Hill's car in ditch alongside front straight Hill being helped out by two officials: LS car coming out of bottom: SV fire attendants and officials wtching: SV piece of track with sign opposite "Daily Mail" whilst cars go by: SV pan car No 65 Ronnie Peterson coming out of bottom band and down straight: SV 2 female timekeepers: CU pan 2 cars No 60 leading followed by No 65 coming out of bottom bend and down bottom straight: SV spectators watching: SV John Player Special No 65 in lead coming round bottom straight: LV 2 cars coming round bend and along bottom straight: LV 2 cars coming roung Paddock Hill bend and up Pilgrims Rise: LS 2 cars racing round Paddock Hill bend and up Pilgrims Rise and under Dunlop Bridge: SV winner being flagged in pan with winning car down front straight: SV 2nd car being flagged in, 2rd, 4th, 5th zoom out to 6th coming over line: LV placing board giving 1st No 32 Peter Gethin driving Chevron Chevrolet B 24, 2nd No 57 Denis Hulme driving Yadeley McLaren Ford M 23, 3rd No 56 James Hunt driving Surtees Ford T 58B: 4th No 67: SV Gethin waving arm and receiving cup. [ 77 Seconds] CONSUL RACE - LS massed parked cars and spectators with large sign about cars "Daily Mail Leads" zoom into race track: SV Reg Harris (cycling) signs autographs, looks up and smiles into camera & walks away, Henry Cooper in back ground: SV Cooper and David Hemery standing by cars: SV Colin Cowdrey and Jimmy Greaves standing by cars talking: SV Hemery signing autograph: CU name on overalls Richard Mead zoom out to him talking: SV Harris sitting in car ready to start: SV No 15 Geoff Lewis on car door pan up zoom out to Lewis sitting in car ready to start: SV Clement Freud sitting in car pan down and out to car doors No 8 Freud: SV No 2 Chay Blyth car door pan up and zoom out Blyth putting crash helmet on: LS start of Evening News Consul Race pan with cars from grid to first bend: LS consuls coming round bottom bend: SV ditto out of bottom bend: SV ditto out of bottom end, pan with cars along bottom straight: SV crowds watching: LV 4 consuls racing over grid pan with No 21 last car down front straight: SV No 2 Blyth coming out of bend after bottom straight: SV ditto No 4 Henry Cooper: SV man and woman spectators both wearing fur coats: LS consuls crossing line and being flagged in, winners 1st No 2 Blyth (sailing), 2nd Tom Percival (Power Boating), 3rd Richard Mead (Equestrian), N0 4 Ivan Mauger (Speedway): SV winner Blyth getting out of car being given handshake by Graham Hill. [ 95 Seconds] INDEX : Buildings, Ceremonies & Celebrations, Equestrian Sport, Personalities, Photography, Sport and Games, Towns and Cities, Vehicles MATERIAL : RACE OF CHAMPIONS ONLY COLOUR CUT NEG IN G.R. CAN DATE_SUBD = 00/00/0000

Senior Caucasian male janitor and mid-adult female janitor of African-American ethnicity together mopping the stairs at the school

<p><b>--SUPERS</b>--</p>\n<p>File</p>\n<p><b>--VIDEO SHOWS</b>--</p>\n<p>Lady Gaga singing and playing piano, Geoge and Amal Clooney interview, Kerry Washington on red carpet, Jon Batiste and wife Suleika Jaouad at the White House</p>\n<p><b>--LEAD IN</b>--</p>\n<p>PRESIDENT BIDEN HAS NAMED </p>\n<p><b>--VO SCRIPT</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p></p>\n<p></p>\n<p>WH: Biden appoints Lady Gaga, George Clooney and others to the President's Committee on the Arts & Humanities</p>\n<p>From DJ Judd</p>\n<p>President Joe Biden on Thursday announced a slew of luminaries to the President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities, including musicians Lady Gaga and Jon Batiste, actors George Clooney, Troy Kotsur and Kerry Washington, and former Congressman Steve Israel.</p>\n<p>In 2017, Biden teamed up with Lady Gaga for a PSA addressing campus sexual assault—since then, the singer campaigned for Biden’s 2020 election bid and even sang at his Inauguration. Gaga, along with producer Bruce Cohen, will co-chair the committee.</p>\n<p>Per the White House, the committee aims to advise the President on cultural policy—traditionally, the First Lady has historically served as Honorary Chair of the Committee.</p>\n<p>“The PCAH will also engage the nation’s artists, humanities scholars, and cultural heritage practitioners to promote excellence in the arts, humanities, and museum and library services and demonstrate their relevance to the country’s health, economy, equity, and civic life,” the White House said in a statement Thursday.</p>\n<p>FULL RELEASE –</p>\n<p>President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>WASHINGTON – Today, President Biden announced his intent to appoint the following individuals to the President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities: </p>\n<p>•<tab />Bruce Cohen, Co-Chair</p>\n<p>•<tab />Lady Gaga, Co-Chair</p>\n<p>•<tab />Jon Batiste, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Constance M. Carroll, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />George Clooney, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Philip J. Deloria, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />M. Angélica Garcia, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Jennifer Garner, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Nora Halpern, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Steve Israel, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Marta Kauffman, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Ricky Kirshner, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Troy Kotsur, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Katie McGrath, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Laura Penn, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Amanda Phingbodhipakkiya, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Arnold Rampersad, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Shonda Rhimes, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Kimberly Richter Shirley, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Horacio Sierra, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Anna Deavere Smith, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Joe Walsh, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Kerry Washington, Member</p>\n<p>•<tab />Pauline Yu, Member</p>\n<p>President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities</p>\n<p>The President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities (PCAH) was founded in 1982 by Executive Order to advise the President on cultural policy. The First Lady has historically served as Honorary Chair of the Committee, which is composed of members appointed by the President. Private committee members include prominent artists, scholars, and philanthropists who have demonstrated a serious commitment to the arts and humanities. Public members represent the heads of key federal agencies with a role in culture, including the Chairs of the National Endowments for the Arts and the Humanities, the Librarian of Congress, the Secretary of the Smithsonian, and the Director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services, among others. PCAH advises the President and the heads of U.S. cultural agencies on policy, philanthropic and private sector engagement, and other efforts to enhance federal support for the arts, humanities, and museum and library services. The PCAH will also engage the nation’s artists, humanities scholars, and cultural heritage practitioners to promote excellence in the arts, humanities, and museum and library services and demonstrate their relevance to the country’s health, economy, equity, and civic life. Over the past 40 years, PCAH has catalyzed federal programs and played a vital role in the advancement of arts and humanities education, cultural diplomacy, and the creative economy.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Bruce Cohen, Co-Chair</p>\n<p>Bruce Cohen is an Oscar and Tony-winning, Emmy-nominated producer of film, theater, television, and live events. He won an Academy Award for Best Picture for "American Beauty" and earned additional Best Picture nominations for "Milk" and "Silver Linings Playbook." He produced both the feature film and Broadway musical versions of "Big Fish," won the Tony for Best Play in 2020 for co-producing Matthew Lopez’ "The Inheritance," and was Tony nominated the same year for co-producing Jeremy O. Harris’ "Slave Play." In television, he was Emmy nominated for producing the "83rd Annual Academy Awards" and executive produced "Pushing Daisies" and "Broadway at the White House."</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>During the Obama-Biden Administration, Cohen served as the entertainment industry liaison for Joining Forces, First Lady Michelle Obama and Dr. Jill Biden’s initiative supporting service men and women and veterans. With Higher Ground, President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama’s production company, he is producing "Rustin" for Netflix, directed by George C. Wolfe, starring Colman Domingo as Bayard Rustin and coming out later this year. He is a graduate of Yale University and started his film career as the DGA Trainee on Steven Spielberg’s "The Color Purple." He lives in New York City with his husband and daughter.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Lady Gaga, Co-Chair</p>\n<p>Stefani Germanotta, known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an award-winning singer, songwriter, actress, and philanthropist. She has sold over 170 million records, and has won 13 Grammy Awards, making her one of the best-selling most awarded female musicians in history. As an actress, she is known for her roles in “A Star Is Born,” for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won for Best Original Song for “Shallow,” and “American Horror Story: Hotel,” for which she won a Golden Globe, among others. She’s been recognized with the Fashion Icon award by the Council of Fashion Designers of America and has been included on Forbes’ list of the World’s Most Powerful Women and TIME’s list of the 100 most influential people in the world. In 2022, Lady Gaga launched Haus Labs, a clean and vegan color cosmetics line that develops innovative formulas that push the boundaries of clean makeup.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Lady Gaga is known for her philanthropy and staunch support of LGBTQI+ rights and mental health. She has traveled with President Biden to support the It’s On Us campaign to combat campus sexual assault, has worked tirelessly over the years to advocate for equality, and has been an outspoken champion of mental health awareness. At the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, she curated a televised concert to benefit the World Health Organization’s COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund, helping raise over $128 million. Alongside her mother Cynthia Germanotta, she founded and leads Born This Way Foundation, which supports the mental health of young people and works with them to build a kinder and braver world. Since its inception, the Foundation has demonstrated the transformative power of kindness and its impact on mental health through youth-driven initiatives, research-based programming, and high-level partnerships.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Jon Batiste, Member</p>\n<p>Jon Batiste is one of history’s most brilliant, prolific, and accomplished musicians. Batiste studied and received both a B.A. and M.F.A. at the world-renowned Juilliard School in New York City. From 2015 until 2022, Batiste served as the bandleader and musical director of "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" on CBS. In 2018, he received a Grammy nomination for Best American Roots, and in 2020, he received two Grammy nods for the albums "Chronology of a Dream: Live at the Village Vanguard" and "MEDITATIONS" (with Cory Wong). In 2020, he won an Academy Award for Best Original Score for the Disney/Pixar film "Soul," an honor he shared with fellow composers Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross. Batiste’s work on "Soul" also earned him a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, an NAACP Image Award, and a Critic’s Choice Award. He is the second Black composer in history, after legendary jazz musician Herbie Hancock, to win an Academy Award for composition. Batiste’s latest studio album, "We Are," was released in March 2021 to overwhelming critical acclaim. Subsequently, he was nominated for eleven Grammys across seven different categories, a first in Grammy history. He went on to win five of those Grammys, including Album of the Year.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Constance M. Carroll, Member</p>\n<p>In 2021, Dr. Constance Carroll established and currently serves as the president of the California Community Colleges Baccalaureate Association, a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing assistance and expanding opportunities for California’s 116 community colleges to offer four-year degrees in selected workforce fields that now require a bachelor’s degree. Carroll served as Chancellor of the San Diego Community College District from 2004 to 2021, when she retired. In addition, she served as president of three community colleges: San Diego Mesa College, Saddleback College, and Indian Valley Colleges. Carroll was also Director of Freshman Academic Advising at the University of Pittsburgh and Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Southern Maine.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Carroll received a B.A. in humanities from Duquesne University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh in Classics (Ancient Greek and Latin). She earned a Certificate of Proficiency in Hellenic Studies at Knubly University in Athens, Greece, and attended the Harvard University Institute for Educational Management. Currently, Carroll serves on the National Council on the Humanities, which is affiliated with the National Endowment for the Humanities, having been nominated by President Obama and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in 2011. She is a member of the national boards of the Community College Baccalaureate Association, the College Promise National Advisory Board, and the Community College Humanities Association.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>George Clooney, Member</p>\n<p>George Clooney’s achievements as a performer and filmmaker have earned him two Academy Awards, five Golden Globes including the Cecil B. DeMille Award, four SAG awards, one BAFTA award, two Critics’ Choice Awards, an Emmy, four National Board of Review Awards, and the AFI Lifetime Achievement Award. Films from his production company with Grant Heslov, Smokehouse Pictures, include Warner Bros’ Academy Award winning drama “Argo,” “Good Night, and Good Luck,” “The Midnight Sky,” "The Tender Bar," and “The Ides of March.” “Ides,” which Clooney starred in, co-wrote, and directed, received Golden Globe nominations for Best Director, Best Screenplay, and Best Motion Picture Drama. In addition, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay. He has also starred in films such as “Out of Sight,” “O Brother, Where Art Thou,” “Syriana,” “Michael Clayton,” “Up in the Air,” “The Descendants,” “Gravity,” and the “Oceans” trilogy. Before his film career, Clooney starred in several television series, becoming best known to TV audiences for his five years on the hit NBC drama “ER.” His portrayal of Dr. Douglas Ross earned him Golden Globe, SAG, People’s Choice, and Emmy Award nominations.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Among the many honors received as a result of his humanitarian efforts was the 2007 Peace Summit Award, 2010 Robert F. Kennedy Ripple of Hope Award, and he was a Kennedy Center Honoree in 2022. Clooney has produced three telethons: "The Tribute to Heroes" (post 9/11), "Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope," and “Hope for Haiti Now,” the latter of which raised a record 66 million dollars from the public. In August of 2016, Clooney and his wife, Amal, launched the Clooney Foundation for Justice.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Philip J. Deloria, Member</p>\n<p>Philip J. Deloria is the Leverett Saltonstall Professor of History at Harvard University, where he chairs the Committee on Degrees in History and Literature. His research and teaching focus on the social, cultural, and political histories of relations among American Indian peoples and the United States, as well as the comparative histories of Indigenous peoples in a global context. He is the author of several books, including Playing Indian, Indians in Unexpected Places, American Studies: A User’s Guide, with Alexander Olson, and Becoming Mary Sully: Toward an American Indian Abstract, and is co-editor of The Blackwell Companion to American Indian History (with Neal Salisbury) and C.G. Jung and the Sioux Traditions by Vine Deloria, Jr. (with Jerome Bernstein).</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Deloria received the Ph.D. in American Studies from Yale University in 1994, taught at the University of Colorado, and then, from 2001 to 2017, at the University of Michigan, before joining the faculty at Harvard in January 2018. Deloria served for over a decade as a trustee of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of the American Indian, where for many years he chaired the Repatriation Committee. He continues to work toward the return of Native American ancestors and cultural patrimony and for the flourishing of Indigenous life. Deloria has served as President of the American Studies Association and the Organization of American Historians, and will begin serving as President of the Society of American Historians in May 2023. He is an elected member of the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>M. Angélica Garcia, Member</p>\n<p>Dr. Angélica Garcia is an educational leader who is passionate about issues of access, equity, and student success in higher education. Garcia serves as the President of Berkeley City College, which is recognized as an Hispanic Serving Institution and an Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution, both proud symbols of being the community’s college. Unapologetically, she believes community colleges provide liberatory education experiences that disrupt the status quo, especially for historically minoritized communities. She is a Co-Founder and Board Member of COLEGAS, a statewide organization focused on advocacy and development of Latinx professionals in California Community Colleges, and has a proven record of equity-minded leadership. Garcia serves on the Puente Project Advisory Board, the national LGTBQ Leaders in Higher Education Board, and previously on the Board of Directors for Higher Education Resource Services. Appointed by the Speaker of the Assembly, she served as the Vice Chair for the Student-Centered Funding Formula Oversight Committee, charged with reviewing legislation, data, and its impact on the California Community Colleges. She has been a fellow with the Aspen Presidential Institute, the National Community College Hispanic Council, and the UC Davis Wheelhouse Institute, all of which are leadership programs focused on equitable student outcomes. Garcia is a proud second-generation Latina and first-generation college graduate, who earned a doctorate in Educational Leadership at San Francisco State University, a master's in social work at San Diego State University, and a Bachelor of Arts in Liberal and Civic Studies at Saint Mary’s College of California. Garcia has been appointed to be the Superintendent/President of Santa Rosa Junior College, effective July 1, 2023.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Jennifer Garner, Member</p>\n<p>Award-winning actress Jennifer Garner has enjoyed a successful career at the top of her field in both film and television and has also taken on the role of philanthropist and entrepreneur. Garner is known for her versatility in a wide range of starring-roles in "Alias," "Dallas Buyers Club," "Love Simon," "Juno," and more. She recently starred in and produced the film "YES DAY," based on the children’s book by Amy Krouse Rosenthal, which became Netflix’s biggest Kids & Family film release. She also recently starred in the sci-fi film "The Adam Project "for Netflix opposite Ryan Reynolds, Mark Ruffalo, and Zoe Saldana, directed by Shawn Levy. Up next, Garner executive produces and stars in the Apple TV+ limited series "The Last Thing He Told Me," based on the eponymous New York Times bestseller, which premieres on April 14th. She most recently wrapped production on the Netflix comedy feature "Family Leave," which she is also producing, and will also star and produce a sequel to "YES DAY."</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Garner is a Save the Children Trustee and has worked with the organization for more than a decade. In addition to bringing Save the Children’s early childhood education programs to her home state of West Virginia, she has advocated on Capitol Hill and traveled to Arkansas, California, Kentucky, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington to meet with lawmakers, press, and philanthropists to raise awareness and funds for the organization. In 2014, Garner joined the global non-profit's board of trustees, deepening her commitment to issues affecting children in America and around the world. In 2017, Garner co-founded the organic food company Once Upon a Farm with Cassandra Curtis, Ari Raz, and former Annie’s president John Foraker. Together the visionaries have grown the company with a goal of providing children with the best tasting, most nutritious, and highest quality food utilizing sustainable methods. As a businesswoman, Garner has worked with major brands including Neutrogena and Capital One, and most recently joined the Virtue Labs team to amplify and raise awareness about the unique health and beauty benefits of the company’s premium hair care line.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Nora Halpern, Member </p>\n<p>Art historian, museum director, and curator Nora Halpern has spent her public and private life advocating for art, artists, and social justice. Since 2001, she has been a Vice President at Americans for the Arts, focusing on arts policy convenings and engaging individual thought leaders to advance the arts and arts education across America. She is co-founder of Street Scenes: Projects for DC, a public art program that provides access to the broadest possible audience by utilizing the city as a gallery space. Raised in New York City, Halpern began her career in Los Angeles as the Frederick R. Weisman Collections Curator and Founding Director of Pepperdine University’s Art Museum. She was a Los Angeles Human Relations Commission member and received the Mayor’s Award of Merit for Outstanding Volunteer Service.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Halpern has taught and lectured internationally. Among her many publications is the recent Putting the Arts to Work: 15 Years of National Arts Policy Roundtables, 2006-2020. She has curated numerous exhibitions, including a Yoko Ono retrospective in Venice, Italy. Halpern has served on the boards of the Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art, the Santa Monica Museum of Art, ArtTable, PS Arts, and Scholastic’s Alliance for Young Artists and Writers, among others. She was appointed to the Arts Commission of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021 and was a Biden Arts Policy Committee member. Halpern received her B.A. and M.A. from UCLA and was awarded a Helena Rubinstein Fellowship in Curatorial Studies from the Whitney Museum of American Art’s Independent Study Program.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Steve Israel, Member</p>\n<p>Steve Israel served in the U.S. Congress between 2001–2017, including four years as chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee from 2011–2015. He left Washington to pursue new passions, including opening an independent bookstore, Theodore’s Books, in his historic hometown of Oyster Bay, fulfilling a lifelong dream. He also directs the nonpartisan Institute of Politics and Global Affairs at the Jeb S. Brooks School of Public Policy at Cornell University, which serves as a platform for civic engagement and bipartisan dialogue. He has published two critically acclaimed satires of Washington: The Global War on Morris and Big Guns. He proudly serves on The Library of Congress Madison Council as well as many other boards of directors.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>In Congress, he served on the House Appropriations Committee on Interior, Environment and Related Agencies, which has jurisdiction on historic preservation, fine arts, cultural arts, museums, and related activities. He also served on the Subcommittee on Defense and the House Armed Services Committee. Israel’s written commentary has appeared in The New York Times, The New York Times Book Review, The Atlantic magazine, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal. He writes a biweekly column in The Hill,covering the state or democracy. He lives with his wife Cara in Oyster Bay, Long Island.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Marta Kauffman, Member</p>\n<p>Marta Kauffman is an Emmy and Golden Globe-winning television writer, producer, director, and showrunner. Kauffman recently finished the Netflix comedy "Grace and Frankie" starring Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin. She may be best known for creating NBC’s long-running hit "Friends" with David Crane. The iconic series ran for 10 seasons and earned 63 Emmy nominations, winning Outstanding Comedy Series in 2002. Reruns continue to delight with "Friends: The Reunion" being a ratings juggernaut. She and David Crane also created HBO's "Dream On," recognized with CableAce Awards and additional Emmy nominations. The Writers Guild of America West awarded Kauffman and Crane the 2016 Paddy Chayefsky Laurel Award for lifetime achievement in television writing. She also earned the 2016 Outstanding Television Writer award at the 23rd annual Austin Film Festival & Screenwriters Conference as well as the Kieser Humanitas Award. She recently received an Honorary Doctorate from Brandeis University. Kauffman's other credits include "Georgia," "Five," "Veronica's Closet," "The Powers That Be," "Call Me Crazy: A Five Film," and the documentary "Seeing Allred." Kauffman has served on several Boards of Trustees including CalArts, Oakwood School, The Lung Cancer Foundation of America, Big Sunday, and IKAR.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Ricky Kirshner, Member</p>\n<p>Ricky Kirshner is one of the entertainment industry’s preeminent producers of televised special events. During his 30-year career, he has been tasked and entrusted in imagining and implementing many of the world’s most widely acclaimed and award-winning television specials, stadium spectaculars, and conventions; producing shows for every major U.S. network and watched by millions of people. Kirshner’s Executive Producer credits include The Tony Awards, Super Bowl Half-Time Shows, The Kennedy Center Honors, Democratic National Conventions, Presidential Inaugurals/Galas, The Oscars, and many others. Throughout his career, Kirshner has collaborated with artists and performers across all disciplines of classical arts, musical and dramatic theater, cinematic arts, and the music industry, working with major stars as well as up and coming performers and amateur groups. Kirshner has been recognized by industry peers for excellence in television, receiving 26 Emmy Nominations and winning ten Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, and an Edward R. Murrow Award. Strongly committed to Arts and Music education in schools, Kirshner supports internship programs for college students on his shows. He is also a frequent guest speaker at colleges and universities, inspiring future generations to pursue careers in television and performing arts.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Troy Kotsur, Member</p>\n<p>Troy Kotsur earned the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Frank, the Deaf</p>\n<p>fisherman father of a hearing daughter who wants to be a singer in director Sian Heder’s “CODA.” The film also won the Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. Kotsur is the first Deaf male actor and only the second Deaf actor overall to win the Oscar, after his “CODA” co-star Marlee Matin for her role in "Children of a Lesser God." Kotsur also earned BAFTA, Critics’ Choice, Gotham, Independent Spirit and Screen Actors Guild awards, and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his role in “CODA.” Other recent film credits include “Wild Prairie Rose,” “No Ordinary Hero: The SuperDeafy Movie,” which he also directed, “Universal Signs,” and “The Number 23.”</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>In television, Kotsur was most recently seen in the Disney+ series "The Mandalorian," for which he created the Tusken sign language, and was also used in the show’s spinoff series "The Book of Boba Fett." Other television roles include "CSI: NY," "Scrubs," "Criminal Minds," "Strong Medicine," "Doc," and "Sue Thomas: F.B. Eye." A native of Mesa, Arizona, Kotsur began acting in grade school, with some of his earliest performances including reenacting "Tom and Jerry" cartoon storylines to his classmates. He studied theater, film, and television at Gallaudet University in Washington, DC, and following graduation, toured with the National Theatre of the Deaf.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Katie McGrath, Member</p>\n<p>Katie McGrath is Co-CEO at Bad Robot Productions. She oversees the company’s corporate culture, communications, and ancillary businesses. Prior to joining Bad Robot, McGrath was a founding partner at First Tuesday Media, a political media firm based in Los Angeles. Earlier, she served as Director of Communications at MTV Networks and as Vice President at the strategic communications consulting firm Robinson Lerer Sawyer Miller. McGrath began her professional career in Washington, DC as a legislative assistant to Senator Edward M. Kennedy (D-MA). She currently serves on the transition team for Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass and the boards of Pro Publica, ARRAY Alliance, and The McGrath Abrams Family Foundation.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Laura Penn, Member</p>\n<p>Laura Penn has been Executive Director of Stage Directors and Choreographers Society (SDC) since 2008. Under her leadership the Union’s membership has grown over 100%, a result of her work expanding SDC’s jurisdictions, leading bold and successful negotiations, and furthering its Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion initiatives and political engagement. She serves on the General Board of the Department for Professional Employees, AFL-CIO (DPE) and is an active member of DPE's Arts and Entertainment and Media Industry Coordinating Committee. She is Co-Chair of the Coalition of Broadway Unions and Guilds, the first woman to hold a leadership position with this coalition of 18 influential unions representing workers on Broadway. Penn serves on the Tony Awards Administration Committee and is a Tony Voter. She served as a panelist for the New York State Council for the Arts, for more than a decade was a site evaluator for the National Endowment for the Arts, was Vice President of the League of Resident Theatres, and was two-term Chair of the Seattle Arts Commission. Recognized with Seattle’s Distinguished Citizen Medal, she is an advocate for civic dialogue and public participation and has been dedicated throughout her career to the idea that artistic excellence and community engagement are intrinsically connected. Penn previously served as an arts executive for Intiman Theatre and Seattle Repertory Theatre and began her career at Washington, DC’s Arena Stage, Living Stage Theatre Company. Penn currently teaches Labor Relations in the graduate program at the David Geffen School of Drama at Yale.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Amanda Phingbodhipakkiya, Member</p>\n<p>Amanda Phingbodhipakkiya is a multidisciplinary artist, educator, and community builder based in Brooklyn, New York. Born in Atlanta to Thai and Indonesian immigrants, her practice spans sculpture, textile, large-scale murals, participatory installation, and public art campaigns. Her work examines the unseen labor of women, amplifies AAPI narratives, and affirms the depth, resilience, and beauty of communities of color. Phingbodhipakkiya’s art has reclaimed space in museums and galleries, at protests and rallies, on buildings, highway tunnels, subway corridors, and on the cover of TIME magazine. She has been artist-in-residence with the NYC Commission on Human Rights and created art in collaboration with the US Embassy in Thailand. She is a 2023 Jerome Hill Artist Fellow in Visual Arts and is building community archives of AAPI stories as part of civic practice residencies with the San Francisco Asian Art Museum and Poster House. Her work has been acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the Museum of the City of New York, the Museum of Chinese in America, and the Library of Congress.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Arnold Rampersad, Member</p>\n<p>Arnold Rampersad is Sara Hart Kimball Professor Emeritus in the Humanities at Stanford University. A graduate of Bowling Green State University, he earned his Ph.D. in English and American Literature at Harvard. He also taught at the University of Virginia, Rutgers, Columbia, and Princeton. His books include The Art and Imagination of W.E.B. Du Bois; The Life of Langston Hughes (2 vols.); Days of Grace: A Memoir, co-authored with Arthur Ashe; Jackie Robinson: A Biography; and Ralph Ellison: A Biography. His edited volumes include The Oxford Anthology of African-American Poetry; Complete Poems of Langston Hughes; and, as co-editor, Selected Letters of Langston Hughes. </p>\n<p></p>\n<p>From 2003 to 2006 he served as Senior Associate Dean for the Humanities at Stanford. Winner in 1986 of the National Book Critics Circle Award in biography and autobiography, he was later a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in biography and, in 2007, the National Book Award in non-fiction prose for his biography of Ralph Ellison. He won fellowships from the MacArthur Foundation (1991-1996), the J.S. Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the ACLS. Princeton University awarded him its Howard T. Behrman Medal for distinction in the Humanities. In 2011, he received the National Humanities Medal from President Obama at the White House. Harvard awarded him its Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Medal in 2014. He holds honorary doctorates from Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and the University of the West Indies, among other schools. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Shonda Rhimes, Member</p>\n<p>Shonda Rhimes is an award-winning television creator, producer, and author, as well as the CEO of the global media company Shondaland. Rhimes is the first woman to create three television dramas - “Grey’s Anatomy,” “Private Practice,” and “Scandal” - that have achieved the 100-episode milestone. In 2017, Rhimes shifted the entertainment industry’s business model when she left network television for an unprecedented agreement for Shondaland to exclusively produce streaming content in partnership with Netflix. “Bridgerton,” Shondaland’s first scripted series with the streamer, has become a worldwide franchise with seasons one and two of the show holding top spots among English language programming for Netflix. Rhimes broadened her company’s content landscape when she launched the culture website Shondaland.com in partnership with Hearst Digital Media. More recently, she launched Shondaland Audio in partnership with iHeart Radio to produce podcast content. She’s a New York Times best-selling author for her memoir Year of Yes and has built multi-platform partnerships with such leading brands as Dove, Masterclass, Microsoft, and Mattel. Rhimes has been included three times in the TIME 100 list of most influential people and her work has been celebrated with numerous awards including induction into the Television Academy Hall of Fame.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Kimberly Richter Shirley, Member</p>\n<p>Kimberly Richter Shirley is a retired attorney and certified public accountant whose professional career specialized in providing legal and financial expertise to not-for-profit organizations and startup companies. Shirley is a trustee of the Seattle Art Museum, the Tate Americas Foundation, and the University of Washington Foundation and is a former trustee of the Pacific Northwest Ballet. She is a member of the National Gallery of Art Collectors Committee, the Tate North American Acquisitions Committee, the University of Washington Henry Art Gallery Advisory Council, and the Wellesley College President’s Advisory Council. Shirley and her husband Jon live in Medina, Washington and actively support arts, education, and human service organizations. Together they are committed collectors of modern and contemporary art with an emphasis on sculpture. Shirley received her Bachelor of Arts from Wellesley College and her Juris Doctor from the University of Puget Sound School of Law.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Horacio Sierra, Member</p>\n<p>Horacio Sierra is an educator, journalist, activist, and creative writer. His research on English and Spanish Renaissance literature has been funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, the U.S. Department of Education, and the University of Texas. As a tenured English professor at Bowie State University, Maryland’s oldest HBCU, he has created in-person and online courses such as Graphic Novels, Studies in Popular Music, Queer Cultural Studies, Shakespeare & Film, and U.S. Hispanic Literature. The University System of Maryland awarded him their Excellence in Teaching Award for his commitment to experiential education.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Sierra’s work as a theatre and literary critic has been published in The Miami Herald, Comparative Drama, and Theater Journal. His editorials on topics such as the importance of a humanities education have been published in The Washington Post, The Hartford Courant, and The Baltimore Sun. His poems exploring the intersections of history, geography, and identity have been published in The William & Mary Review, Saw Palm, and Gulf Stream Magazine. As a Miami native with strong ties to his family’s Cuban and Spanish heritage, Sierra is President of the Cuban American Democrats, Director of the Sierra Family Scholarship, and has provided college application workshops for his alma mater, Miami Coral Park Senior High. He is also an Executive Board Member of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association. Sierra earned his BS from the University of Miami and his PhD from the University of Florida. He lives in Miami with his husband, Dallas Clay Sierra.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Anna Deavere Smith, Member</p>\n<p>Anna Deavere Smith is a writer and actress. She is credited with having created a new form of theater. Her plays, sometimes called “docudramas,” focus on contemporary issues from multiple points of view and are composed from excerpts of hundreds of interviews. Plays, and films based on them, include "Fires in the Mirror" and "Twilight: Los Angeles," both of which dealt with volatile race events in the 1990s; "Let Me Down Easy," about the U.S. health care system; and "Notes from the Field," which focused on the school-to-prison pipeline. Her work as an actress on television includes "Inventing Anna," "The West Wing," "Nurse Jackie," and "Black-ish." Mainstream movies include "Philadelphia," "The American President," and "Rachel Getting Married." President Obama awarded Smith the National Endowment for the Humanities Medal. She was the 2015 Jefferson Lecturer. She is the recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship, several Obie awards, two Drama Desk awards, the George Polk Career Award in Journalism, and the Dean’s Medal from the Stanford University School of Medicine. She was a runner-up for the Pulitzer Prize in Drama and nominated for two Tony Awards. She’s a University Professor at NYU’s Tisch School of the Arts. She has several honorary doctorate degrees including those from Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, University of Pennsylvania, Spelman College, Prairie View University, Juilliard, and Oxford.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Joe Walsh, Member</p>\n<p>Multi-Grammy award winning singer, songwriter and producer, Kennedy Center Honoree and Rock and Roll Hall of Famer, Joe Walsh has entertained the masses and captivated his peers for more than five decades. His classic hits like “Funk #49,” “Walk Away,” “Life’s Been Good,” “Rocky Mountain Way,” “Life in the Fast Lane,” “In The City,” “Ordinary Average Guy,” and “Analog Man” embody his American origin story, guitar genius, and lyrical wit. Born in Wichita, Kansas and raised in Ohio and New Jersey, Walsh’s musical journey began with the Cleveland-based James Gang in 1969, continued with his trio Barnstorm and then took off with the launch of his 12-album solo career in 1973. In 1975, Walsh was recruited into the Eagles who would become the highest selling American band in history and one of the top touring acts in the world to this day selling out stadiums and arenas into 2023.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Walsh has honorary doctorates in music from Kent State University and the Berklee College of Music and has been celebrated for his charitable works in the fields of music education, recovery from addiction and women’s health and safety. In 2017, Walsh founded VetsAid, an annual music festival that brings together musicians and audiences of all backgrounds to raise funds for veterans and their families. A Gold Star son himself, Walsh brought the festival most recently to his hometown of Columbus, Ohio with guests Dave Grohl, Nine Inch Nails, and The Black Keys. He has, to date, disbursed $2.7 million in grants to veterans’ services groups nationwide.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Kerry Washington, Member</p>\n<p>Emmy-winning, SAG and Golden Globe-nominated actor, director, and producer Kerry Washington is a versatile and fearless multi-hyphenate who has received high acclaim for her work in film, television, and theater. Washington is a lifelong advocate and activist, dedicated to using her voice to fight for justice for all communities. She is focused on building a more equitable democracy and in service of this goal, founded Influence Change (IC) and the Vision Into Power Cohort. IC is a strategic initiative that partners with high impact non-profit organizations to increase voter turnout. The VIP Cohort, launched in partnership with Movement Voter Fund, provides ten grassroots organizations with the resources and knowledge to build civic engagement in their communities through storytelling and collective action.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>In 2022, Washington was honored as one of TIME Magazine’s 2022 Women of The Year. She has been involved with many social and political causes, including her service on President Obama’s Committee on the Arts and Humanities. She is also Co-Chair of former First Lady Michelle Obama’s When We All Vote campaign and the Black Voices for Black Justice Fund, an organization funding Black leaders who are helping to build a more equitable America. In 2021, Washington and several other industry leaders co-founded The Roybal School of Film and Television Production, in partnership with the LAUSD. It is a magnet school aiming to drive transformational change across the entertainment industry and provides education and practical training in the arts and sciences of filmmaking to marginalized communities.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Pauline Yu, Member</p>\n<p>Pauline Yu is President Emerita of the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), a non-profit federation of 79 scholarly organizations which she led for sixteen years. ACLS has been the preeminent representative of American scholarship in the humanities and interpretive social sciences since 1919 and has provided competitive fellowships and grants to individual scholars in those fields since 1926. Yu was previously dean of humanities at the University of California, Los Angeles for ten years, founding chair of the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures at the University of California, Irvine, and professor at Columbia University and the University of Minnesota. She received her B.A. in History and Literature from Harvard University, her M.A. and Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from Stanford University, and holds five honorary degrees. In 2021, she received the award for Distinguished Service to the Profession from the Association of Departments of Foreign Languages of the Modern Language Association.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Yu has been elected to membership in two honorary societies, the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She serves on the Academy’s board of directors and is also a trustee of the Institute for Advanced Study. In addition, she is a member of the board of several philanthropic organizations, including The Henry Luce Foundation and The Teagle Foundation. She is the author or editor of five books and has published widely on topics in Chinese poetry, comparative literature, and the humanities.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--TEASE--</b></p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--SUPERS</b>--</p>\n<p>File</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--VIDEO SHOWS</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--LEAD IN</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--VO SCRIPT</b>--</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>-----END-----CNN.SCRIPT-----</b></p>\n<p><b>--KEYWORD TAGS--</b></p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>--MUSIC INFO---</b></p>\n<p></p>

BLACK PANTHER PARTY - PART ONE

Senior Caucasian male janitor and mid-adult female janitor of African-American ethnicity together mopping the school hall floor

TAPE: EF03/0934 IN_TIME: 23:40:00 DURATION: 3:13 SOURCES: ICTY/APTN RESTRICTIONS: DATELINE: Hague - 17 Oct 2003/File SHOTLIST: ICTY 1. Exterior of Hague 2. UN flag 3. Interior of court 5. SOUNDBITE (English) Judge Florence Mumba, Zambia "The accused Doctor Blagoje Simic would you please stand up." 6. Simic stands 7. SOUNDBITE (English) Judge Florence Mumba, Zambia "With respect to you Doctor Blagoje Simic, a conviction is entered for Count One, crimes against humanity, for persecutions based on unlawful arrests and detention of Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian-Croat civilians, cruel and inhumane treatment including beatings, torture, forcible assignments, and confinement in inhumane conditions and deportation and forcible transfer." 8. SOUNDBITE (English) Judge Florence Mumba, Zambia (overlaid with close up of Simic listening) "Doctor Blagoje Simic you are sentenced to a term of 17 years imprisonment. You may sit down." 9. SOUNDBITE (English) Judge Florence Mumba, Zambia "Mr Miroslav Tadic, please stand up. With respect to you Miroslav Tadic, the trial chamber enters a conviction for Count One, crimes against humanity for persecutions based upon deportation and forcible transfer." 10. Tadic standing listening 11. SOUNDBITE (English) Judge Florence Mumba, Zambia (overlaid with close up of Tadic listening) "You, Miroslav Tadic, are sentenced to a term of imprisonment for eight years." 12. Tadic sits down 13. Judge asks Simo Zaric to stand up 14. Zaric stands up SOUNDBITE (English) Judge Florence Mumba, Zambia "With respect to you Mr Simo Zaric chamber enters a conviction for Count One, crimes against humanity for persecutions based upon cruel and inhumane treatment including beatings, torture and confinement in inhumane conditions. The chamber acquits you of Count Two." 15. Judge speaking 16. SOUNDBITE (English) Judge Florence Mumba, Zambia (overlaid with Zaric listening) "Mr Simo Zaric, you are sentenced to a term of imprisonment for six years." 17. Zaric sits down 18. Courtroom 19. Judges stand and exit APTN FILE Bosanki Samac, N.Bosnia - February 14 1998 20. Miroslav Tadic comes out of building as he gives himself up to UN peacekeeping troops 21. Various of Tadic saying farewell to his family 22. Soldiers 23. Woman crying APTN FILE Bosanki Samac, N.Bosnia - February 24 1998 24. Crowd in Bosanka Samac 25. People surrounding Simo Zaric to say goodbye 26. Zaric saying goodbye to his wife and son 27. Zaric departing in car past troops STORYLINE: Judges at the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal at The Hague convicted three Bosnian Serbs of persecuting non-Serbs during the Bosnian war and rendered sentences ranging from six to 17 years. In several cases the persecution included pulling out the teeth of prisoners. The toughest sentence was given to doctor Blagoje Simic, 43, for participating in a "joint criminal enterprise" that displaced thousands of Bosnian Muslims and Croats from the northern Bosnian municipality of Bosanski Samac. Miroslav Tadic, 66, and Simo Zaric, 54, were also convicted of one count of crimes against humanity, and received sentences of eight and six years. Two additional counts against the three defendants were dropped due to insufficient evidence or technical errors by prosecutors. Zaric will most likely be set free after Friday's ruling after having served more than four years in United Nations (UN) custody. Sentences are generally reduced by one-third. Simic was the highest-ranking local political leader and president of the wartime crisis staff in Bosanski Samac. The judges found that, as such, he bore a greater responsibility for beatings, cruel treatment, illegal detention, torture and deportation of prisoners at several detention units during the 1992-1995 war. According to prosecutors, the systematic attack on the non-Serb civilian population led to the forced departure of more than 16-thousand Bosnian Croats and Muslims from the region. Only 300 non-Serbs remained out of an overall population of 33-thousand. Starting in the spring of 1992, non-Serb civilians were rounded up and herded into camps run by Serb police. Many were killed, tortured or sexually assaulted. The rest of the non-Serb population fled or was transferred to other villages, where they were forced into slave labour.

Senior Caucasian male janitor and mid-adult female janitor of African-American ethnicity together cleaning the school desks

[WASHINGTON, DC USA] FOX NEWS SUNDAY FOR SUNDAY, MAY 13, 2007 GUESTS: former NYC mayor and presidential candidate Rudy Giuliani Fox News Sunday with Republican Presidential Candidate, Former NYC Mayor Rudy Giuliani 09:02:17 WALLACE: Abortion: Where you stand. Its ok if the supreme court overturned Rove vs Wade? Why are you so indifferent to such a deeply held issue? 09:02:43 GIULIANI: I'm very passionate about abortion. I oppose it. It's a principle I will hold forever. In a society like ours, its best for us to respect each other's differences. and allow for choice. In regard to Rowe against Wade, it seems to me the best position is to leave it to them to decide it. The country can handle it. States will make own decisions. 09:04:01 WALLACE: personally be disappointed? 09:04:06 GIULIANI: it's a question not wanting to make this a witness test to judges. Judge comes to decision they think is correct interpretation of constitution. Court should be allowed to decide this. 09:04:46 WALLACE: any president. look at record of anybody he will name as judge. Will you name someone who's record shows he opposed the issue? could you nominate someone who had indicated an opposition to a woman's right to chose? 09:05:05 GIULIANI: in the context to their overall record? I might be able to. Sure. I would consider the following about a judge: someone who can interpret the constitution and respect it. I might not agree on every decision they make. 09:06:31 WALLACE: you say you personally hate abortion and wish people didn't have it. why? 09:06:42 GIULIANI: my advise shouldn't have abortion. Better to have child. Ill help you. Ill support you. Because I think having the child is a better moral decision. Adoption is better option than abortion. I help adoption in NY by 66%. 8 years while I was mayor adoption went up 130%. Very strong view about this. Equally strong view that society like ours respect the right of other people to make this choice themselves. 09:07:49 WALLACE: embryonic stem cell research you said you can support it except when it's a matter of taking a life to make a life. 09:08:05 GIULIANI: I don't look at it that way. I can't decide when life begins. I can only decide the const and legal issues. I believe abortion is wrong. My personal choice and advice, abortion is wrong chose another option. Make those options available. However, if you tell me as a woman I support limitations on abortion. 09:09:10 WALLACE: limitations, lets talk about it. Naral/NY. Since then you have moved in the direction of restricting abortion in all these areas. Why? 09:09:51 GIULIANI: parental notification. I looked at the laws. Partial birth abortion, I was concerned there would be exceptions of life of mother and her health, I supported it then and I support the decision. And I am open to seeking ways of limiting abortion. I am open and continue to be open to ways of limiting abortion, but I am not open to limiting the right. I oppose it, but I think it's the choice someone else gets to make. 09:10:55 WALLACE: if you become nominee of republican party, would you try to change the rep. party platform that has been pro life since 1976. 09:11:14 GIULIANI: I will not deal with the platform. Any candidate of the party has 9 out of 10 things that they agree with and one or two things they don't agree with. My attempt is to broaden the base of the rep. party to bring in people that can agree and disagree with it. Biggest outreach possible. 09:11:55 WALLACE: war on terror. More troops? 09:12:02 GIULIANI: the commitment we have to make is to emerge from Iraq with a stable situation that help us with effort against terrorism. Not make sense to retreat or schedule our retreat. Very irresponsible. 09:12:25 WALLACE: if surge was to fail, would you say we are going to stay in Iraq until we get stable situation. Is failure an option? 09:12:41 GIULIANI: failure is not an option. War should be about victory and success. God forbid failure happens it happens, you don't predict it. If you predict that you predict failure. Should the adm. have a plan? Of course it should, but you shouldn't put it out there because it creates failure. 09:13:36 WALLACE: why haven't you been to Iraq? 09:13:46 GIULIANI: we were going to be at one time, it was delayed for a reason I cant describe. Maybe before this year is over we'll get there. I would like to go. And you have to work that out quietly and carefully. I don't want publicity. But I have talked to a lot of the troops that were there. I have a great deal of contact with the people there. I would like to go there before end of year. 09:14:37 WALLACE:. what would you say to members of your own party that are saying it might be approaching time to jump ship? 09:15:13 GIULIANIGIULIANI: going on defense against terrorism isn't only about Iraq. I detect in the dem. A kind of attempt to go back to a pre sept 11 mentality in which were not anticipating. They would not have made a mistake to tell enemies a timetable of the retreat. -anybody proposing, giving enemy timetable is irresponsible and unheard of in the history of war. It comes about from a fundamental misunderstanding of terrorist threat that we face. We have to be in offense against them. 09:19:42 WALLACE: domestic issues. Staring with economy. On campaign trail u described yourself as fiscal conservative. But independent budget reviews say spending went up. Question .fiscal conservative? 09:20:12 GIULIANI: I was the only gov that was able to accomplish that. Lowered taxes. Lowered growth of spending compared to other states and other gov. and reduction of welfare. You have to see it in the context of which I did it. I had to teach nyc how to use principles of fiscal conservatives. Never before had any cut taxes and spending. Took a deficit and turned it into a surplus. 09:21:15 WALLACE: when you were mayor, you opposed medicade spending. 09:21:47 GIULIANI: the line item veto has to be done by unconstitutional amendment. Its in the interest of my city to advocate for it, it was my job to protect the people of nyc. And we were people in our interpretation of the const. 09:22:23 WALLACE: as mayor you did things that pleased your city but not necessarily good for the nation. For ex. Gun control. you supported nationwide federal licensing, and joined law suit to make gun manufactures liable. 09:22:52 GIULIANI: I did anything possible to reduce crime. I was critiqued of being to aggressive in enforcement of laws. I began with a city that was crime capital of America when I left it was the safest city in America. The things u do in NY can be diff. than Texas. 09:23:39 WALLACE: weak gun laws in other states might actually bring guns to NY.? You said that. 09:23:54 GIULIANI: as mayor I looked to do all the things to protect the people of my city. As pres. My interest is going to be how to protect the people of the USA. Line item veto im a strict constructionist. Individual right to bare arms: I agree with it. Any restrictions have to be reasonable. State by state level, those are the guidelines ill use. 09:24:51 WALLACE: immigration. As mayor you welcomed illegal immigrants into the city and opposed law that senate was about to pass that would crack down on illegal immigrants. 09:25:12 GIULIANI: the way I look illegal immigrants. We need an id card, we need to know who's in the US. And separate ones who are dangerous and ones who aren't. We need border control, fence. Fingerprints, photographs and then focus on people who cant come forward. 09:25:51 WALLACE: it seems that one position as mayor and one now as candidate for president. 09:26:03 GIULIANI: my interest as mayor of nyc was to focus as criminals that were here. At the same time there were illegal immigrants in NY, the question was should their children go to school? Should they be able to report crimes? Should they get treatment in hospitals? I had real responsibilities that I had to deal with, this was effective way. I always have been a supporter of strong protected border and opposed to illegal immigration. But I had to deal with real problems. 09:27:15 WALLACE: 9/11. Command center in twin towers? 09:27:35 GIULIANI: recommended it as the site that would make more sense. The reason was because it was also the location of custom service, secret service and other agencies we had to be in contact with. We also had backup centers in police dept in Brooklyn and virtual command center. When that command center was inoperable we were able to move immediately to another command center. 09:29:04 WALLACE: how do you respond to people opposed to you. 09:29:33 GIULIANI: people have to vote however they want to vote. Were all striving the best we can to improve ourselves to be better. Made mistakes. You can judge me on my public record. Have a long one, intense one. I can perform under pressure and irrespective of the fact that I do make mistakes in my personal life. Nobody is perfect.

CAMPAIGN 2012 / INT BROLL PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA DENVER COLO (COLORADO) REMARKS / HEAD ON Wednesday, August 08, 2012 President Barack Obama campaign speech at Aurairia Event Center in Denver, Colorado Slug: 1420 WH CO PATH1 RS33 83 AR: 16x9 Disc #229 NYRS: 5114 14:58:37 Sandra Fluke takes the stage to introduce Obama 15:05:36 Obama enters (Cheers, applause.) PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: Hello, Denver. 15:06:20 (Cheers, applause.) Oh, it is good to be back in Denver. (Cheers, applause.) I have -- AUDIENCE MEMBERS: Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! 15:06:49 PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you! Well, I tell you what, we win Colorado, I'll get four more years. (Cheers, applause.) A couple of -- couple of people I just want to acknowledge. First of all, I just want to say thank you to Sandra for that wonderful introduction. (Cheers, applause.) She is one tough and poised young lady. (Cheers, applause.) She was generous to stand up for her friend, she was brave to stand up for herself, and an eloquent advocate for women's health and I suspect she's going to be doing some even greater things as time goes on. So give her a big round of applause. (Cheers, applause.) Couple other people I want to acknowledge -- your own mayor, Michael Hancock, is in the house. (Cheers, applause.) One of the best senators in the country, Michael Bennet, is in the house. (Cheers, applause.) A passionate advocate for working families, Ed Perlmutter, is here. (Cheers, applause.) My dear friend, campaign co-chair, former mayor, former secretary of transportation and energy -- I'm getting tired just listing his resume -- Federico Pena -- (cheers, applause) -- is in the house. He's here somewhere. Where'd Federico go? (Cheers, applause.) And finally, I also want to acknowledge an -- our -- another campaign co-chair, John Register, a veteran and Paralympian. We are very proud of him. John Register. (Cheers, applause.) 15:08:55 Now, it's been two and a half weeks since I was last here in Colorado. And, well, I -- you know, I -- as -- as many of you know, I was in Aurora to meet those who lost loved ones during that terrible shooting, and I just had a chance to see some of the first responders who helped to save lives and comfort families during that terrible, terrible day. (Cheers, applause.) You know, unfortunately, since that time we've had another tragedy in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, where six members of our community were killed as they entered into a house of worship. And -- and so I think we can all acknowledge we've got to put an end to this kind of senseless violence -- (cheers, applause) -- whether it's in Aurora, whether it's in Oak Creek, whether it's in Tucson, whether it's in cities all across America where too many lives are cut short because of senseless violence. This is going to have to stop. And as an American family, as one American family, we're going to have to come together -- (cheers, applause) -- and look at all the approaches that we can take to try to bring an end to it. 15:10:17 And -- and I want you to all know that the thoughts and prayers of the entire nation remain with those in Aurora. And even though the perpetrators of these acts have received a lot of attention, attention on them will fade, and what'll be replaced are the stories of heroism and hope that we've seen here in Colorado and in Wisconsin and across the -- across the nation. That's what we'll remember. That's what's going to matter. (Applause.) That's what we will value, the strength and the resilience and the care and the love of the American people. 15:10:57 Now, unless you've managed to completely avoid your television set -- (laughter) -- or your cable is broken -- (laughter) -- you are aware that there is a pretty intense campaign going on right now. (Cheers, applause.) And the reason it's intense is because the choice that we face in November could not be bigger. It's not just a choice between two candidates. It's not even just a choice between two parties. More than any election in recent memory, this is a choice between two fundamentally different paths for our country's future. And the -- the direction that you choose, the direction you choose when you walk into that voting booth three months from now will have a direct impact, not just on your lives but on the lives of your children and the lives of your grandchildren. And that -- (cheers, applause) -- that's true for everybody. 15:12:15 But it's especially true for the women in this country -- (cheers, applause) -- from working moms to college students to seniors, because when it comes to the economy, it's bad enough that our opponents want to take us back to the same policies of the last decade, the same policies that got us into this mess in the first place, the same policies that saw jobs going overseas and ended up seeing people's wages and incomes going down even as the costs of everything from health care to college were going up, policies that culminated in the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression and that we've spent now three and a half years trying to recover from. (Cheers, applause.) That's bad enough. 15:13:15 But when it comes to a woman's right to make her own health care choices -- (cheers) -- they want to take us back to the policies more suited to the 1950s than the 21st century. (Cheers, applause.) And Colorado, you've got to make sure it does not happen. (Cheers, applause.) The decisions that affect a woman's health -- they're not up to politicians. They're not up to insurance companies. AUDIENCE MEMBERS: No! PRESIDENT OBAMA: They're up to you. (Cheers, applause.) And you deserve a president who will fight to keep it that way. (Cheers, applause.) That's the president I've been. That's the president I will be if I get a second term as president of the United States, to keep moving this country forward. (Cheers, applause.) You know, on the issues that matter, you don't have to take my word for it. You can take me at my record. Four years ago I delivered on my promise to pass health reform before the end of my first term. (Cheers, applause.) That's what we did -- the Affordable Health -- the Affordable Care Act, also known as "Obamacare." (Cheers, applause.) I actually like the name -- (laughter) -- because I -- (laughter) -- because I do care. (Cheers.) That's why we fought so hard to make it happen. The Affordable Care Act helps make sure you don't have to worry about going broke just because one of your loved ones gets sick. Insurance companies can no longer place lifetime limits on your care. They can no longer jack up your premiums without reason. They can no longer drop your coverage when you need it most. They can no longer discriminate against children with pre-existing conditions. (Cheers, applause.) And pretty soon they'll no longer be able to deny you coverage based on a pre-existing condition like breast cancer or cervical cancer or charge you more for care just because you're a woman. They can't do that anymore. Those days are over. (Cheers, applause.) 15:15:35 This is the law that allows young adults under the age of 26 to stay on their parents' health care plans -- (cheers, applause) -- and that's already -- that's already helped 6.6 million young Americans. (Cheers, applause.) If you're a little bit over 26, it gets seniors a discount on their prescription drugs -- (cheers, applause) -- a discount that's already saved millions of seniors on Medicare hundreds of dollars each. (Cheers, applause.) Right now nearly 13 million Americans are getting a rebate from insurance companies. That's right; they're sending you a check -- (cheers, applause) -- because -- because under the law, we capped the amount of money that they can spend on administrative costs and CEO bonuses instead of your health care. (Cheers, applause.) And when they -- when they violate that rule, they've got to send you a check. (Cheers, applause.) 15:16:42 Last year "Obamacare" secured new access to preventive care like mammograms and cancer screenings with no copay, no deductible, no out- of-pocket costs for more than 20 million women. (Cheers, applause.) Last week insurance companies began covering even more services. And now most health plans are going to begin covering the cost of contraceptive care. (Cheers, applause.) Now, understand, this is crucial for women's health. Doctors prescribe contraception not just for family planning but as a way to reduce the risk of ovarian and other cancers. And it's good for our health care system in general because we know the overall cost of care is lower when women have access to contraceptive services. And -- and -- and listen. We -- we recognize that many people have strongly held religious views on contraception, which is why we made sure churches and other houses of worship, they don't have to provide it, they don't have to pay for it. We worked with the Catholic hospitals and universities to find a solution that protects both religious liberty and a woman's health. (Cheers, applause.) 15:18:09 So -- (cheers, applause) -- the fact is nearly 99 percent of women have relied on contraception at some point, and more than half of all women between the ages of 18 and 34 have struggled to afford it. AUDIENCE MEMBER: Thank you. PRESIDENT OBAMA: And we're changing that. (Cheers, applause.) You know, before health care reform -- before health care reform, many health care plans charged high deductibles or copays for all these preventive services, or they just didn't cover them at all. And according to one study, more than half of all women put off the care they needed because of that. (Applause.) 15:19:00 How many of you have gone without care that you needed or a checkup because you knew that you might not be able to afford the insurance copays -- (cheers, applause) -- and you had to choose between gas or groceries or your kid's new soccer uniform or -- I don't think I a working mom in Denver should have to wait to get a mammogram just because money is tight. (Cheers, applause.) I don't think a college student in Colorado Springs should have to choose between textbooks or the preventive care that she needs. That's why we've passed this law. It was the right thing to do. Now, my opponent has a different view. (Laughter, boos.) As -- as Sandra says, he said he would take the Affordable Care Act and kill it dead -- (boos) -- on the first day of his presidency, kill it dead -- (boos) -- which -- I mean, just understand what this means. This means 26-year-olds -- 6 1/2 million don't have health insurance; the preventive care, gone; seniors paying more for prescription drugs; pre-existing conditions, you're out of luck. Then he said he'd get rid of Planned Parenthood. (Jeers.) Then he said he would -- has supported an extreme measure in Mississippi that could have outlawed some forms of contraception. (Scattered jeers.) Then he joined the far right of his party to support a bill that would allow any employer to deny contraceptive coverage to their employees, so it would be up to the employer to decide -- (boos) -- your -- your -- your boss telling you what's best for your health and your safety. Now, let me tell you something, Denver. I don't think your boss should get to control the health care that you get. (Cheers, applause.) I don't think insurance companies should control the care that you get. (Applause.) I don't think politicians should control the care that you get. (Cheers, applause.) I think there's one person to make these decisions on health care, and that is you. (Cheers, applause.) You should make that decision. (Cheers, applause.) I mean, you know, Mr. Romney's running as the candidate of conservative values. There's nothing conservative about a government that prevents a woman from making her own health care decisions. He says he's the candidate of freedom. But -- but freedom's the -- the chance, the opportunity to determine for yourself the care that you need when you need it. (Cheers.) It's the ability to change jobs or start your own business without fear of losing your health insurance. (Cheers, applause.) We're not going to go back to the days when it was acceptable to charge women more than men for health care, and we're not going back to the days when women with pre-existing conditions, like being a -- a cancer survivor, were denied affordable care. 15:22:08 (Cheers, applause.) We're not going to kick more than a million young women off their parents' plan. We are not going backwards, Denver. We're moving forward. (Cheers, applause.) That's why I'm running for president again. (Cheers, applause.) 15:22:27 And understand -- understand this, at a time when women make up nearly half the workforce, an increasing share of family breadwinners, these aren't just health issues and they're not just women's issues. These are economic issues. They affect every family in America. (Cheers, applause.) Think about it. Think about what it means when a -- when a women is the main breadwinner for her family, but she's taking less pay home doing the same work as a man, just because she's a woman. That's not right. AUDIENCE MEMBERS: No! PRESIDENT OBAMA: When my opponent's campaign was asked if he'd fight to guarantee an equal days pay for an equal day's work, you know what the campaign said? They said, we'll get back to you on that. (Boos.) That's not a good answer. We'll get back to you on that? He won't say what he'd do about it. You've got my answer. Upholding the principle of equal pay for equal work was the first bill I signed into law -- (cheers, applause) -- the Lily Ledbetter Act. First bill I signed. (Cheers, applause.) 15:23:47 And one other thing. You know, today's the three-year anniversary of Sandra Sotomayor taking her seat on the Supreme Court. (Cheers, applause.) Yesterday was the two-year anniversary of Elena Kagan taking her seat -- (cheers, applause) -- on the Supreme Court. 15:24:14 So let's -- let's -- let's -- let's be very clear. The next president could tip the balance of the court in a way that turns back the clock for women and families for decades to come. (Jeers.) The choice between going backward and moving forward -- (cheers, applause) -- has never been so clear. 15:24:40 And -- and -- and let me say this. You know, when I -- when I talk about -- when I talk about women's issues, I'm talking about experiences that I've seen in my own life. I -- everybody knows Michelle, and -- (cheers, applause) -- you know, the fact that -- that we are partners in this process of -- this journey of life has been my source of strength. And -- and I want to make sure that she has control over her health care choices. I want to make sure that when she's working, she's getting paid the same as men. I got to say, first ladies right now don't -- (laughter) -- even though that's a tough job. You know, my -- my own mom would have been 70 years old this year. And my sister and I lost her to cancer when she was just 52 years old. And she got to meet Michelle, but she never got a chance to meet her granddaughters or watch them grow up. And -- and I often think about what might have happened if a doctor had caught her cancer sooner, or if she'd been able to spend less time focusing on how she was going to pay her bills and more time on getting well. AUDIENCE MEMBER: She's still with us! PRESIDENT OBAMA: You know, she is still with us. (Cheers, applause.) She's in a better place. 15:26:09 You know, I think about -- I think about Malia and Sasha, and I think to myself, well, you know, we're not going to have a -- an America where they have fewer opportunities than somebody's sons. (Cheers.) I don't want to them having fewer choices than -- than anybody's boys do. (Cheers.) And then four years ago, as I had the privilege to travel all across this country and meet Americans from all walks of life, I heard so many stories like mine. And I decided nobody else should have to endure the heartbreak of a broken health care system. No one in the wealthiest nation on earth should go broke because they get sick. Nobody should be able to tell their daughters or sons that the decisions they can and cannot make for themselves are constrained because of some politicians in Washington. And thanks to you, we've made a difference in people's lives. (Cheers, applause.) Thanks to you, there are folks that I meet today who have gotten care and their cancer has been caught, and they've got treatment, and they are living full lives. And it happened because of you, because of your efforts four years ago. And Denver, we've come too far to turn back now. (Cheers, applause.) We've got too much work to do to implement health care. (Cheers, applause.) We've got too much work to do to create good jobs. (Cheers, applause.) We've got too many teachers that we've got to hire. (Cheers, applause.) We've got too many schools we've got to rebuild. (Cheers, applause.) We've got too many students who still need affordable higher education. (Cheers, applause.) There is more homegrown energy to generate. (Cheers, applause.) There are more troops that we've got bring home. (Cheers, applause.) There are more doors of opportunity that we've got to open to anybody who's willing to work hard and walk through those doors. (Cheers, applause.) We've got to keep building an economy where no matter what you look like or where you come from, you can make it here if you try -- (cheers, applause) -- and you can leave something behind for the next generation. That's what (sic) at stake right now, Colorado. 15:28:20 That's why I'm running for president of the United States of America. (Cheers, applause.) That's why I'm asking for your vote. I still believe in you, and if you still believe in me -- (cheers, applause) -- and if you're willing to stand with me and knock on some doors with me and make some phone calls with me and talk to your neighbors and friends about what's at stake, we will win Colorado. (Cheers, applause.) And if we win Colorado, we will win this election. (Cheers, applause.) We will finish what we started, and we'll remind the world why America is the greatest nation on earth. 15:28:58 God bless you, and God bless the United States of America. (Cheers, applause.) 15:29:58 Obama glad hands audience

Senior Caucasian male janitor and mid-adult female janitor of African-American ethnicity together cleaning the school desks

TVU 25 ELIZABETH WARREN LAS VEGAS OTR ABC UNI 021520 2020 Elizabeth Warren headed to Broad Acres Market, a hub for the Vegas Latino community, this morning as one of her first stops in Vegas. Warren walked around the food stalls, ordered jugo de sandia ("It's really sweet!" she said of the watermelon drink 14:05:15) and talked to a lot of patrons (many of whom had no idea who she was) about getting out to vote early (14:03:33, 14:08:11). More people crowded around her to take pictures and talk to her as she stayed longer -- word of her arrival seemed to spread (14:34:30). She had an emotional conversation with the owner of a Mexican panbazos stand, who teared up asking Warren to help her mixed-status family. Warren reached across the counter and they held hands. (14:21:00) As she walked by another stand, a man shouted out to her to ask about the border wall, which she told him she thought was "just terrible" and wouldn't improve the safety of the country (14:23:45) Earlier, Warren kicked off the day with a "Women for Warren" event hosted by Yvette Nicole Brown, an actress who starred in Community and Drake and Josh. Good moment when Warren jumped up and down and blew kisses to Brown to thank her for coming out to Vegas. (13:21:08) Warren arrived at this event, the first of the day, with a raspy voice that wore off about halfway through the event. (13:02:18) She told the crowd she thought it was great to start off at a Women for Warren event and that it makes her think about "what would happen if we had more women in elected office. Things we're fighting for that we've been fighting for 40 years would already be the law," Warren said. (13:01:59) She took a bunch of questions from the crowd. One young woman told her she's "drowning in six-figures of student loan debt" and has been homeless because of it (13:07:42). Another woman told Warren her company is seeing more and more elderly people coming out and looking for jobs, which is a reflection of a bigger problem of impoverished elderly communities. A third woman asked Warren how to reel in the greed of health insurance companies. The crowd cheered loudly when Warren joked that some billionaires have gone on TV and cried about her wealth tax (a joke about Leon Cooperman crying on CNBC <https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F11%2F04%2Fleon-cooperman-tears-up-talking-about-america-elizabeth-warren.html&data=02%7C01%7CMegan.X.Farrell.-ND%40abc.com%7C7d9180f5758e4e65295508d7b263c8f5%7C56b731a8a2ac4c32bf6b616810e913c6%7C1%7C0%7C637174013981398157&sdata=%2FfxkbTTyWIPIvjs%2B%2BOr7c0GuQrJArE9Mold193ah60w%3D&reserved=0>) while other billionaires have just run for president themselves because they figured it's cheaper than paying a wealth tax. (13:14:25) TVU 25 ELIZABETH WARREN LAS VEGAS OTR ABC UNI 021520 2020 144848 WARR>> So...when -- Have I told you this story about Deval Patrick? Q: About the -- about staying hydrating? WARR>> Two things? That's right. And it was such a touching moment, you know. Always fight from the heart, people can tell, and stay hydrated. [laughs] Q: Two very important parts. WARR>> That's right. The heart of what it's all about. So [coughs] excuse me, we're headed to a town hall? Good. Okay. Good. Are you all having fun? Did you have fun at the market? Q: Yes, we're super glad to not be in cold weather. WARR>> Yes Q: I'll speak for the bus. 144919 WARR>> Yes -- Q: It reminds me of home, I'm from McAllen. WARR>> Oh yeah! Q: I'm born and raised and when to college in MacAllan. WARR>> You did! So I don't know, have you ever seen the picture -- we use it in our [car honks] some of our video stuff, shows up in some places. And it's a picture -- 144938 I'm the little hot number in the -- in the sunglasses, two brothers. The third brother is in uniform and my mother. We're in this weird combination of clothes. That was taking in McAllen, Texas. >> Wow WARR>> When Donna Reid was stationed in McAllen. So it's the first time we'd ever been, all the way down to McAllen. >> Doing border control? Or anything related to the border? WARR>> No. He was in the Air Force. And I think they were -- I think it was training, but they were down there.I don't know. I was a kid, six months, something like that but we went down to see him. And so that was the first time I got to see McAllen and just how lush, McAllen is compared to a place like Oklahoma because Oklahoma is so much drier. 145028 And yeah, but I like McAllen. And then of course, you know, I was back in McAllen to go to the center whenever walking up the children and separating from their parents. I remember one of the things about that trip. >> We actually come from Nevada. WARR>> Hmm? >> We came from Nevada. WARR>> We came from Nevada. That's exactly right. We were in Nevada and it was -- you may remember it was when the first, just kind of the first word was leaking out that we were -- that this country was separating children from their families. And I went down to McAllen to the big center processing center down here. 145116 And that's the first time I saw the cages of -- cages women, cages of men. And these freestanding cages of little girls, little girls, little girls, little boys, the nursing mothers back in the corner. The -- I said one of these children. These children have been separated from their families. And I remember the CBP agent said oh no, these children are not separated from their families because they have other family members, locked up somewhere in the facility and it's well, do they get to communicate with them or meet with them? 145154 And they said no, we can't do that. So, they were -- It makes me think about this numbers, about how many children were separated and you know what happened. Every single time ee got more information. More children have been separated, more children had been lost somehow the system and hadn't been able to be reunited with their families. But that was the first time I started thinking about how wrong those numbers probably are because they were treating it as not separated If their record showed that a child and a family member was -- were both somewhere in this giant facility. 145235 Although they were locked up and separated from each other and neither had knowledge about where the other was. Q: Senator, because of things like that. Why do you think you haven't come out and just said that we should abolish ICE altogether? Just because that -- that word. Even if we reform it, it is associated with so much trauma. With so many people and always will be. 145255 WARR>> No, It's a fair point. But it's also the point of -- I think about our government agencies, and really howa president has to take responsibility for what happens. And, not -- not an easy path of just saying "Oh, I changed the name." It's that a person has to take ownership of what happens, up and down the organization. 145327 That's where there's been a huge failure in the Trump administration, but a lot of backing off and hand waving for decades. It's interesting. I've been thinking a lot lately about the question of accountability. Now, obviously, sitting in the impeachment hearings gives me a chance -- it gave me a chance to think about, How do you hold a president accountable? 145400 But that's the -- you know that's the most visible but the really big one -- it's how to make government accountable every single day, how to -- how to make sure the things that a president said she cared about as a candidate are things she's working on every single day? And that that President, in turn, is holding her own administration accountable. 145434 Our federal government's big. There's no doubt about that. It's huge. But it has such capacity to do good, or to do harm. And that means it's a president's responsibility to stay after the people who are put in charge of those agencies and their immediate deputies, and make sure there are organized ways to get feedback on what's working and what's not working. 145512 Actually, I'll give you an example around this. I started doing the selfie lines partly just because I didn't want anyone to leave an event wanting a picture and didn't get a picture, because they couldn't grab the front of a rope line. You know, if you run -- if you run a rope line that way, then people with disabilities can't get to the front, seniors can't get in front, people with children --- Q: We feel the same way about gaggles. 145539 WARR>> Yeah, exactly. There you go. And, but what I came to understand over time is the selfie line has kept me deeply rooted in what this campaign is about. It means I don't spend all my time talking to advisors in the media, and people who are already on the team and who are experts -- I spend my time with people who come through and say, "This is what matters to me" or, "this is what I'm counting on." Q: Has it been tough for you lately because you're not able to do them quite as much, you're not able to stay --- ? 145622 WARR>> It's hard, and it's hard because I feel like I disappoint people. People show up wanting to do selfie lines, and I want to do the selfie line. It's just, it's the 24 hours in a day problem, and needing to get to a lot of places, and people have been very generous about it. But it's hard not to do them. To me, they are the heart and soul of a town hall. In the same way, I can't imagine filtering the questions in advance. I mean, I just -- I just can't imagine that. 145654 Anybody who wants to ask a question, we do. And you notice, I do it randomly. And there's a reason for that. It should not be the most aggressive person in the room. You notice a lot of times, or I don't know if you notice it, if you can see it from where you are -- I'm kind of seeing it from the other end. But let's just say, 10 tickets are drawn in the space of a -- of a town hall. Now, some people are like "Yes!", you know, "I'm ready! I have it." 145721 And others are like, "that's mine. Do I really want to ask a question? Do I want to stand up in front of all these people?". That's someone who never would have crowded to the front. But because they've got the ticket and the ticket was drawn, they make it to the front and they ask really important questions . Q: Senator, I just want to go back to -- I overheard some of the Latinx voters that you were talking in spanish say, "I don't know who she is. I didn't know she was running for president." [FEED CUTS OUT] Yeah, when they're behind us they saw us without the cameras, what do you think that means about their operation to reach out to Latinx voters who don't even really know people are especially nice this is like one of the first times we've seen you've come to one of these, like very productive. So, we just have to be out there and keep doing more do you think you should come sooner I mean, you don't want to be everywhere all the time, but it's just not possible to do that. I have been to Nevada multiple times I'm glad to come to Nevada I want to come back. But I want to, I also want to be everywhere instantly it's hard to do think your operation is working well enough here is if you haven't been here in 66 days. I think we're on the ground organizers for depression. They include people were born and raised here. dreamers, people who are in mixed status families. People who have never been part of the campaign before, but who believe in what I'm fighting for my be part of that. Seven, I support everything they're doing. We also were putting more money into making sure we reach out through paid advertising and asking more service to come to this day. But, you know, I'm under the same constraints, every other candidate is and that is it's a 24. There are only 24 hours in the day and I can't solve that. So do you got any other candidate. No, I don't know that because I'm you know I'm not with him, you do, you do daily gas but that's what you think. Do you think that they should be dabbling more considering, you know, I heard that Joe Biden to do something doesn't happen once a month. It's mostly confined or Bernie Sanders had gone to lunch without talking to the press is one way that presidential candidates and President are held accountable. It's a big part of why we have a free press and the role it plays in our democracy. One of the reasons I've been so outspoken about Donald Trump's efforts to undermine a free press is that it truly undermines our democracy. It's. It is the press. That helps hold candidates and elected officials accountable between election days. It's the press that exposes the issues and forces candidates to face it, it can be uncomfortable, sometimes, but it's the right thing to do. And I think everything. And make themselves available to the press, same kind of unfiltered questions you guys don't get used to filter questions, or your fundraising email recently, and asking money from your supporters because you can try the recognition that there are media outlets, who are not interested in giving not balanced coverage. And that means we have to use paid media and paid organizers in order to counter. Can you talk about your decision to not be here in Nevada. On Saturday, so I won't be here, I'll be here in the morning. I'll be here when the caucuses speak and I'll be doing a rally to get out the phone. But remember, Washington is also starting to that. We're getting voting in lots of places around the state so I'm gonna be here. But by nighttime. I'll be in in Washington for a rally they're with us they're starting to come, and it is definitely a balance but do you think those voters here in Nevada who already feel kind of slighted by Iowa New Hampshire, do you think they'll be disappointed to not have a rally with you that night. I will be disappointed. Not to be with voters here. But I'm disappointed. Every time I don't get the Get up and talk to people and shake hands or do selfie lines, it's. It truly is a question of just trying to figure out how to manage the time center you have spent a lot of TVU 25 ELIZABETH WARREN LAS VEGAS OTR ABC UNI 021520 2020 P2 150316 Q: -- Also being a time where some people were thinking we might need influence of money to beat Trump. 150322 WARR>> I just disagree with the premise. I don't think we have a better chance of beating Donald Trump by putting up a billionaire against him. We have a better chance of beating Donald Trump when we pull our party together and when we fight for hard working families, fight for core democratic principles that can unite our party and pull in independents and Republicans. But in a general election, there's going to be plenty of money for people to get their ads done. 150358 The fundamental question is going to be, what is a set of issues we run on and how hard we run from the heart? So, I just think it's -- Q: Are those people like, talking about making a deal with the devil kind of -- WARR>> No, I just I -- just think it's -- I don't even think it's a deal with the devil. To deal with the devil implies that you're actually getting something for it. We're not better off putting up a billionaire. That does not increase the odds that we win here. We win when we pull our party together and when we fight from the heart for the values we believe in. 150435 Q: Senator, we've been following your campaign for a long time. WARR>> Yes, you have! Q: All of the ups and the downs and we've seen you come back from polling lower than at other times higher. I know you don't polls. WARR>> No. Q>> What's something that you wish you'd done differently? You wish you would have done differently or something that you learned that you would tell yourself in the beginning all of this? I mean, what have been some of the lowest points and the highest points? 150501 WARR>> Wow. Boy, I need more time to think about this. I really do love doing this. I mean, it's a hard question, I'm not trying to duck your question. I'm just saying. You know, It's hard when I got a bad cold and you know, felt like I'd really rather stay in bed for a couple more hours in and sleep instead of get out of bed, get in the car and drive somewhere. But every time I walk into a town hall, it's like a jolt, 150549 It's -- It's this enormous feeling of optimism that washes over me . It's -- it's -- it's this intense reminder that our country has so many problems, but we can fix it through democracy. That's who we are. And all these people show up to spend two or three hours because they wait in line and then they get in and then there's the music plays for a long time. And then there's the pitch for field organization and somebody does an introduction and then there's another pause. 150627 And they've made this commitment to spend a whole evening because they care about our country. Because they want to see us build a better nation and I -- I can not think of a single time I walked into a town hall that I wasn't delighted to be there. And that's true. Little ones and big ones and giant ones and mega giant ones. It's true. When the selfie lines have lots of people in them, only a few -- I really do. 150707 It's == it's -- actually, can I say it this way? Maybe because -- maybe these unite. Maybe this will make sense to you. You know, I taught school for years and I loved it. And. When I became a senator I realized how much I missed it. I missed being in a room full of people who were asking hard questions and who were -- who were engaged and cared about what was going to happen and it. I used to have.teaching dreams. 150757 I would dream at night about being back in the classroom after-- after I'd gone to the Senate. And now with town halls for a year, it's a chance to be back with people. It's a chance. It's a chance for people to wear on their sleeve the most important thing to them and a chance for me to hear it and -- and engage them. 150829 And think about how together we're going to build something moving forward and I love it. 150836 Q: You saw the rise of your campaign when you were getting (?) crowds and how theres a lot of talk between crowds that Amy Klobuchar is pulling. Do you feel like you might know that you're really up against a challenge because you saw your campaign rise the same way? 150851 You know, We have 4000 people in Virginia on what day was that? Tuesday? Thursday night? Thursday night? Wednesday night? Right. Everyone was there and nobody knows. We had an overflow crowd in an overflow crowd to the overflow crowd. And they were all in the fight and It felt good. It felt good because people recognize how important 2020 is and that we've heard from two states, but we still got 98 percent of Americans left to go and it looks like a lot of them still want to have a voice in what happens next. 150942 Senator, the debates coming up. There's a chance that Michael Bloomberg might be on the debate stage. We know he's your favorite candidate to punch, Possibly the only candidate you punch at. What can we expect to see on the debate stage? 150957 I've been pretty clear about this. I don't think billionaires ought to be able to buy their way onto the debate stage. Period. Q: Does Tom Steyer get a pass on that? WARR>> No he doesn't get a pass on that. I said it on the day that Kamala got forced out of the race. I thought. It said something really terrible about our Democratic Party and our democracy. That on the very same day that Kamala Harris announced that she would leave the race because of money. 151027 That a billionaire bought his way onto the debate stage. I just think that's wrong. And look. It's not a question of does Tom Steyer bring good ideas to the debate or Michael Bloomberg? We can talk to them. The point is it changes fundamentally our democracy If someone can reach in their own pocket and fund 100 million dollars in ads and suddenly push themselves up in the polls without having to meet a single voter. 151103 Without having to take a single unfiltered question, without having to do press avails. If we are in America, if we become an America where you've either got to be a billionaire or suck up to the billionaires to get the Democratic nomination. Then this democracy will work better and better for billionaires and worse and worse for everyone else. 151132 Q: I know you have a strong fighting point for you, i mean the past couple days in Virginia particularly and here today we've heard you kind of return to some of the rhetoric that got you really popular and really big in the first place. Basically, I have a plan for that. You always say it but you've been saying it a lot more recently. 151147 WARR>> I don't know. I hadn't really noticed that there was a difference Q: And you've been hitting Michael Bloomberg again. I mean, we saw, you know, these comments on redlining and you talked on that in Arlington as well. Do you feel like those are strong points>. Are those points that you think that people connect with? 151201 WARR> I think people do connect with them. The notion that Michael Bloomberg blames the 2008 financial crisis on restrictions on banks so they couldn't discriminate more against black and brown communities is truly outrageous. And anyone who thinks that should not be the head of our party. 151230 Q: Your campaign has been rearranging how it's spending its ad money, is that a sign that you guys are struggling? 151240 WARR>> No. No, they're just figuring out where they want to spend the money to reach people in the most effective ways. In fact, I think they're increasing overall ad buy. Q: But you have actually been e-mailing supporters asking them to help... WARR>> Of course. Q: [inaud] WARR>> You know, but that's what it's about. We've got two billionaires in this race. And what is it? Three more people on the debate stage who, immediately after New Hampshire, headed off to suck up more money from millionaires and billionaires. 151319 Wall Street money is pouring into the Democratic Primary. So, yeah, I -- I tell my supporters we're doing this grassroots and we need to -- we need everybody to see what we're up against. It's not -- it's not that people haven't been helpful. They've been enormously helpful. We've raised six million dollars after Iowa. 151348 We ask people to set a $7 million goal going forward before Nevada and raised a million dollars on the first day. And I'm very, very grateful for that. We had a lot of new donors who jumped in. But it's important to be realistic about what it means that other candidates for the Democratic nomination are still out there bringing in more and more money from the billionaires. Q: There are eight candidates still in the race. 151425 WARR>> Is that right? Q: ...Do you think that this hurts Democrats' chances of beating Trump because there are so many people for voters to choose from? Do you think it will have a negative impact? 151442 WARR>> I don't know. I mean, I really don't. I get out and talk about my campaign. We don't have 8 people on the debate stage. But I really don't -- I would give you an answer if I had one. But I don't think of it in those terms. There's not -- look, I can't control what seven other people are doing. I can only control what I'm doing. So I actually don't spend a lot of time thinking about that. Q: And do you think your message kind of gets lost amongst all of the various messages? 151514 WARR>> You know, my job is to get out and fight the fight I believe in, and for me, It's never been about a bunch of consultants. I didn't need somebody to tell me what I believed because it polled well. I've known what I believe since long before I got into politics. My job is to get out and fight that fight. 151543 I think it's the right fight. I think it's the right fight for this moment. And I am deeply optimistic that we have this opportunity to -- to put our country on a better path. Q: Only recently, Bernie Sanders said that he denounced folks who are his supporters who have been criticizing Culinary Union workers or going after other folks who are boo-ing former presidential candidate. It took him this long to say, you know, I don't want those people as part of my campaign. 151626 WARR>> Is that what he said? I didn't actually see the comment. Q: He said those people don't speak for my campaign. What's your reaction to that and do you think that that's enough? 151635 WARR>> I didn't see the comment, so it's hard for me to say whether I think that's enough because you've actually characterized two sort of different comments there. I feel really proud of the people who work on my campaign and the people who support us. We talked early on when we were first building this campaign that we were not going to fight with other campaigns and try to play dirty tricks on other campaigns and attack other campaigns online. 151712 And one of the consequences of that Is that when other people dropped out of the race, they felt welcome in our campaign. They felt welcome to volunteer, they felt welcome to become part of the team so that we have people now in our campaign who work -- goodness, from Kirsten's campaign, Kamala's, from -- you know the lists. It's just -- it's a whole bunch of people and this goes back to the question I was talking about earlier. 151750 I think that's how we build a stronger Democra-- [FEED FREEZES] 151806 ---2016, with Democrats firing at Democrats, and Democrats still angry with Democrats. We need to be a Democratic Party that's -- that's ready, strong and ready to go for it (?) against Trump. [consults with aide about schedule] 151850 Q: Just on that question about Bernie, you've taken responsibility before when things far below you happen in your campaign... And you've apologized. Should he be doing that? 151901 WARR>> Look, I think that's what leadership is. Leadership is about taking responsibility for what's gone wrong and taking responsibility for making real change. Q: And this is a case where he should do that? WARR>> I -- Look, this is-- I think this is about leaders. That's the kind of leader I am and that's kind of president I will be. Q: What do you think about the fact that he is your longtime friend and he is leading the nomination? 151930 WARR>> You know, we've heard from two states and nobody's running away with this race. No one has gotten above a quarter of the votes. It's still a very fluid situation. I think we're gonna hear from more of the 98 percent of voters who still haven't had a chance to weigh in before this settles down. We good? Q: Sure. WARR>> We're always good. You guys are -- you guys are insatiable. You would -- you would always eat more (?). 152035 Q: What are you saying or what are you referring to when you make your pinky proimises? WARR>> So, most of the time -- Q: I've heard of pinky swears and -- WARR>> No, most of the time it's "my name is Elizabeth. I'm running for president because that's what girls do." And then we pinky promise to remember. Sometimes a little girl will already have her own statement. And we do pinky promises to remember that. But that's what it's usually around. I -- I want you to be the first president and I will be the second. 152104 I've heard that from 6 year olds and "I want you to be the first woman president and I'll be the second." And we do pinky promises to remember. Q: Can I ask you --- WARR>> Did a pinky promise today with a dog [laughter] He was totally into it. That was it. Q: We had already left the room. WARR>> oh, okay. You missed it, during the brunch. Uh-huh? Q: Were there any stories that you heard at that last stop that really pulled at your heart? I know you had a moment with a few women behind the counter. Can you maybe talk about one or two? 152136 WARR>> It's about what it means to live here in the US -- to build a life here, to work hard, to build a business, to employ people and to know that you could be rounded up and forced out of his country in the middle of the night with no warning. That's hard on people. That's a lot of -- 152205 A lot of people are afraid. Some are protected, themselves but mixed status families. It means that, for so many people, it's -- even if they are citizens or hold a green card, they have a dad, a grandma, two younger brothers, a beloved uncle who are not. And they talk about what that means. 152245 To come home and call out, and for that split second, not to know if your husband will still be there. The woman in a wheelchair said her husband has been here working and is undocumented, 35 years. And she said "I'm more free today than any time before, in our lives. Please help us find a way." 152318 And scooping people up, terrorizing families and breaking families apart -- that doesn't make our nation stronger. It makes our nation weaker. We have to do better than that, and we can. We can. Q: You've said that you would consider a moratorium on deportations? Would you do that or is it just on the table? 152348 WARR>> No, no. It's what we need to do. I -- I'm committed to, in the first hundred days, to stop all deportations until we get a chance to review them again. And if this is -- if these deportations that are on the table, the proposed ones, are not consistent with my policies, which means we don't scoop up family members, people who pose no threat, people who are part of our communities. Then they're not deported. 152427 They won't be deported. I want to -- I want to put a complete hold until we can get that completely sorted through. Q: There used to be a policy or kind of still is called Mont of Doura (?), Jeff Sessions was a really big proponent of that in that criminals from these countries who were on track to come in to the U.S. were then deported back, but those countries, like El Salvador, for example, their criminal justice system don't keep those people. And that has led to gang violence or things like that. I know you've talked about supporting these countries economically, but how do you dig deeper and help mitigate crime? 152507 WARR>> Well, when I talk about supporting them economically, it's also about supporting them so they actually have rule of law, so they have the capacity to have a criminal justice system that actually functions. So, it's not just about how you can get more stores. And -- okay. We'll talk about this later, I promise. 152534 But it is about more -- it's not just about more stores. It's about more. It's about a justice system that functions. [EXITS BUS FOR NEXT EVENT] ####

Senior Caucasian male janitor and mid-adult female janitor of African-American ethnicity together cleaning the school windows

08:17:51 INTRODUCTIONS, THANKS, PRAYERS, NATIONAL ANTHEM 08:45:10 CANDIDATES WALKING OUT / PHOTO OP / MIC CHECK 09:00:24 BEGINNING OF DEBATE REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES PARTICIPATE IN A CANDIDATES FORUM HOSTED BY ABC NEWS / THIS WEEK AUGUST 5, 2007 SPEAKERS: SEN. SAM BROWNBACK, R-KAN. REP. DUNCAN HUNTER, R-CALIF. FORMER GOV. MITT ROMNEY, R-MASS. SEN. JOHN MCCAIN, R-ARIZ. REP. TOM TANCREDO, R-COLO. FORMER MAYOR RUDOLPH W. GIULIANI, R-NEW YORK CITY REP. RON PAUL, R-TEXAS FORMER GOV. TOMMY G. THOMPSON, R-WIS FORMER GOV. MIKE HUCKABEE, R-ARK. GEORGE STEPHANOPOULOS, MODERATOR DAVID YEPSEN, DES MOINES REGISTER [*] STEPHANOPOULOS: Our goal today is to get a real debate going among all of you, to find out where you stand on the issues, but also to figure out the real differences that separate you. And in that spirit, here in Iowa you've already been going at each other, somewhat beneath the radar screen, on the issue of abortion. Senator Brownback, your campaign has been making phone calls to Iowa voters about Mitt Romney, and I want to show it for our viewers. It's called an urgent action alert. (BEGIN AUDIO CLIP) ANNOUNCER: Mitt Romney is telling Iowans that he is firmly pro- life. Nothing could be further from the truth. As late as 2005, Mitt Romney pledged to support and uphold pro- abortion policies and pass taxpayer funding of abortions in Massachusetts. His wife, Ann, has contributed money to Planned Parenthood. Mitt told the National Abortion Rights Action League that, "You need someone like me in Washington." (END AUDIO CLIP) STEPHANOPOULOS: Senator Brownback, do you stand by that attack? BROWNBACK: I certainly do. There's one word that describes that ad, and it's "truthful." That's a truthful ad. And that's what campaigns are about, too, George, is for as far as getting the truth out, expressing the differences between candidates. These are good people that are up on this stage. That's a truthful ad. I am pro-life. I think this is a core issue for our party. I think it's a big issue for our country. I'm pro-life and I'm whole life. I think that all life at all stages is sacred and it's beautiful. I think it's something we ought to fight for, it's what this party has stood for, it's what we should stand for. STEPHANOPOULOS: Governor Romney, everything in that ad true? ROMNEY: Virtually nothing in that ad is true. STEPHANOPOULOS: What's wrong with it? ROMNEY: The single word I'd use would be "desperate" or perhaps "negative." Frankly... STEPHANOPOULOS: But before we move on, you said it's not true. We have it up on the screen. What is untrue? ROMNEY: I am pro-life. That's the truth. And several years ago, when we faced the issue of cloning of embryos in our state, I wrote an op-ed piece in the Boston Globe and said I'm pro-life. ROMNEY: And every action I've taken as governor of Massachusetts has been pro-life. This is a very difficult decision. We're involved in the lives of two people: a mom and an unborn child. And yet I've come down on the side of saying I'm in favor of life. STEPHANOPOULOS: But are any of the specific -- any of the specific charges there untrue? ROMNEY: The Massachusetts Citizens for Life just several months ago brought me in and gave me an award for my public leadership on the basis of being pro-life. So the best way you can learn about someone is not by asking their opponent, but ask them, "What do you believe, and what's your view?" And I am pro-life. And virtually every part of that ad is inaccurate. I'm pro-life. My positions are pro-life. The idea that, for instance, I've been in favor of taxpayer funding of abortion; that's wrong. I oppose taxpayer funding of abortion. In our state we passed a medical plan that reduces the number of people who received state funding for abortion. So the ad is just completely wrong. BROWNBACK: George, if I could, there's -- you can go up on YouTube and see the governor himself and speaking himself... ROMNEY: Ah, that's the -- consider the source. BROWNBACK: ... about where he is on this position, and in 1994 say, "I'm governor..." (CROSSTALK) ROMNEY: Look, look. I was pro-choice. I am pro-life. And I'm tired of a... BROWNBACK: And it is a truthful position. Every piece of that is truthful. You can got to YouTube and look for the governor, what he says himself. STEPHANOPOULOS: Governor Romney -- Governor Romney... ROMNEY: You can go back to YouTube and look at what I said in 1994. I never said I was pro-choice, but my position was effectively pro-choice. I've said that time and time again. I changed my position. When I was governor and when I faced an issue of a life or death, when the first time a bill came to my desk that related to the life of an unborn child, I came down on the side of life. ROMNEY: And I put that in The Boston Globe and explained why. And I get tired of people that are holier than thou because they've been pro-life longer than I have. STEPHANOPOULOS: Governor Romney, you've also been drawing... ROMNEY: But I'm proud of the fact. (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: You have also been drawing contrasts with Mayor Giuliani during this campaign. I want to show our viewers something you said about Mayor Giuliani on the Christian Broadcasting Network this spring. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) ROMNEY: He is pro-choice and pro-gay marriage and anti-gun, and that's a tough combination in a Republican primary. (END VIDEO CLIP) STEPHANOPOULOS: Do you stand by that? And what is it that you fear a President Giuliani would do on those issues? ROMNEY: I think Rudy Giuliani is a terrific American and a wonderful mayor. That was very early in the process. I think I've got a better view... STEPHANOPOULOS: In March. ROMNEY: Yes, it was in March. He wasn't a candidate yet. I think I have a better perspective on his views now -- not entirely, but a pretty good view on his positions. And I'd rather let him speak for him, his own positions, than me speak for them. And I've done by best to let other candidates speak about their own positions. So I'm not going to try and elaborate on his positions. I can tell you that I am pro-life and that I'm opposed to same- sex marriage, and I support the Second Amendment. Those are my views. Why don't we let each of us describe our own views, as opposed to taking time to describe those of our colleagues? STEPHANOPOULOS: Was that accurate what Governor Romney said? GIULIANI: Somehow, I knew you were going to ask me the question about this. (LAUGHTER) The reality is that I support the Second Amendment, as Governor Romney says. I clearly believe that marriage should be between a man and a woman, although I did support domestic partnerships and still do, a contractual relationship. And I believe the best way we can have common ground in this debate that you're hearing is if we put our emphasis on reducing abortions and increasing the number of adoptions, which is something that I did as mayor of New York City. GIULIANI: But I think ultimately that decision that has to be made is one that government shouldn't make. Ultimately, a woman should make that with her conscience and ultimately with her doctor. (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: Governor Thompson, let me bring you in here, because Michael Gerson, President Bush's former speechwriter, now a columnist for The Washington Post, wrote a column about Mayor Giuliani a few weeks ago, where he said one of the consequences -- because of the mayor's pro-life position -- of a Giuliani victory would be to place the Republican nominee in direct conflict with the Roman Catholic Church. How big a problem is that? THOMPSON: I think it's a problem. I think it's a problem not only for the Roman Catholic Church, but it's a problem with the Constitution and the platform of the Republican Party. Every year the Republican Party, both at the state level in Iowa, nationally, are parties that come out very avidly and passionately on being pro-life. And I think any candidate that's pro-choice is going to have a difficulty with the party faithful and those individuals that have come to this district and the state and national meetings and have avowed time and time again that this party, the Republican Party, is a party of pro-life. So anybody that's not pro-life is going to have difficulties. That's the question. Beyond that, however, I think you've got to look beyond just one issue. And the issue that really concerns me, of course, is the health issues of America. And we get tied up in one particular issue and we really don't go to some of the major issues that are affecting America -- not that pro-life isn't -- but we have to get down -- and this debate should be about the major issues affecting the voters of Iowa and nationally, instead of trying to choose one person against another on this campaign. THOMPSON: Every single one of us up here have got issues, positions, and every single one of us believe very strongly of those. And I think that speaks highly of the Republican Party. STEPHANOPOULOS: You bring up an important point, and let me bring this to Senator McCain. Because some people have made the argument... (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: ... some people have made the argument that in this election especially, that Mayor Giuliani would be absolutely the strongest candidate, in part because of his pro-choice positions, but even more than that, in the general election, the most important issue is going to be national security, and an issue like abortion should be de-emphasized. Do you agree with that? MCCAIN: I think the respect and commitment to the rights of the unborn is something I've fought for, and it has a lot to do with national security. Because it depends on -- it says very much what kind of a country we are and our respect for human life, whether it be here in the United States or whether it be in China or Bangladesh or the Congo or anyplace else in the world. So I think it is connected. But I also firmly believe that the challenge of the 21st century is the struggle against radical Islamic extremism. It is a transcendent issue. It is hydra-headed. It will be with us for the rest of the century. I have served my nation and my country and the people of this country for all of my adult life. I am the most prepared. I have been involved in these issues. I have served this nation in the military and in the Congress, and I'm the best prepared and equipped and need no on-the-job training to meet that challenge. STEPHANOPOULOS: You have also addressed the issue of Iraq, probably more -- as much as, if not more than any other candidate. STEPHANOPOULOS: And I want to turn to that as well. Because we did a poll of Iowa voters, as you saw. And we asked the voters there for questions. We got more questions on Iraq and the war than any other single subject. Here was one of them. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) QUESTION: Hi. I'm Jill Husker (ph) from Grinnell, Iowa. My question is, if you were president, what would be your strategy for ending the war in Iraq? (END VIDEO CLIP) STEPHANOPOULOS: Congressman Paul, what would it be? PAUL: Just come home. We just marched in. We can just come back. (APPLAUSE) We went in there illegally. We did not declare war. It's lasting way too long. We didn't declare war in Korea or Vietnam. The wars were never really ended. We lose those wars. We're losing this one. We shouldn't be there. We ought to just come home. (APPLAUSE) The number one reason it's in our national self-interest and for our national security, think of our defenses now, how rundown they are. What is the morale of our military today when they're sent over there for 12 months and then they're kept for another three months? They come home and, with less than a year's rest, they're sent back again. Congress is currently trying to change the rules so we give these men an adequate rest. This war is not going well because the foreign policy is defective. STEPHANOPOULOS: Congressman Hunter? (APPLAUSE) HUNTER: Yes, George, I've been here before. I was here when we stood up to the Russians in Central Europe when they were ringing our allies with SS-20 missiles. We stood up them and we finally brought that wall down. I was here when we did Central America, when the liberals were raging that we had to get out of Salvador. Today, Salvadoran troops are standing side-by-side with Americans in Iraq. And let me tell you something I'm tired of. I watched the Democrat debate. I watched them say, as my colleague has said, "Just bring them home. Come home." And it was a race to see who could stampede for the exit the quickest. And you know something? The Marines in Anbar province, which is almost half of Iraq, have turned that situation around. They brought the communities there on our side, fighting back against Al Qaida. Not a single Democrat... (APPLAUSE) Not a single Democrat candidate paused in their rush for the exit to say to our Marines, "Good job. You guys are fighting and achieving, with blood, sweat and tears, what this country needs." We've got our best military leadership in Iraq right now. We are standing up the Iraq military, the 129 battalions. When they are stood up, when they're reliable, battle-ready, they rotate onto the battlefield, they displace American heavy combat forces. That's the right way to leave, not a stampede for the exit. STEPHANOPOULOS: Congressman Hunter, thank you. So we've got the poles of this debate Governor Huckabee... (APPLAUSE) I'll come back to you in a second. We've got the poles of this debate. Congressman Paul says, "Come home." Congressman Hunter says, "We've got to stay." Is there a middle ground in this debate? HUCKABEE: Certainly there's a middle ground, George. And the middle ground is that we win this war and we do it with honor. We don't just stay indefinitely. We put some pressure -- just like we have been the last week, with Secretary Rice and Secretary Gates -- on the Saudis. HUCKABEE: Look, we've made them rich. Every time somebody in this room goes to the gas pump, you've helped make the Saudi royal family a little wealthier. And the money that has been used against us in terrorism has largely come from the Middle East. There's two things we've got to do. Number one, we've got to insist that the people in that neighborhood take a far greater role militarily and financially in solving the problem. It's their neighborhood. But the second thing we'd do, for our own national security, is end our dependence on foreign oil. And let's not play around and say "30 years," let's get it done. Let's get it done now. And let's make sure that we don't have to depend upon their oil for our future energy needs. BROWNBACK (?): George? George? HUCKABEE: If we can feed ourselves, if we can fuel ourselves, if we can manufacture the weapons to fight for ourselves, we're a free people. If we can't do those three things, we're not free. (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: I'm going to bring everyone in on this. Senator Brownback, go ahead. BROWNBACK: There's another piece to this as well. And that is, is that you've got the military performing, I think, very well, doing an outstanding job, but the political situation continues to deteriorate on the ground in Iraq. You've got the Iraqi politicians not even meeting now. You've got a weak leadership that's taking place there. I think the key missing element here is political resolve on the ground. We need a political surge, like Thomas Friedman has written about. We need to put a three-state solution in place, like was in Iraq prior to World War I, where you have a north that's Kurdish, which is right now; a west that's Sunni, which is right now; and a Shia south, with Baghdad as the federal city. A weak, soft partition: that's the piece missing... (CROSSTALK) STEPHANOPOULOS: And that is -- that is your plan. (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: Let me bring Senator McCain in on this. Senator Brownback -- Senator McCain, Senator Brownback talked about the lack of political progress. It's actually written into the law right now benchmarks that the Iraqi government has to meet. It is also very, very clear that they are not going to meet those benchmarks by the time General Petraeus reports in September. If they fail to meet these benchmarks which are written into the law, will you still continue to support the surge? MCCAIN: Of course. They are making progress, and we are winning on the ground. And there are political solutions being arrived at all over Iraq today, not at the national level. I'm disappointed, of course, that the Maliki government has not done what they need to do. But I'll tell you, it's not only in the national interest of the Iraqis, it's an American national interest. We are winning. We must win. If we lose, there'll be catastrophic consequences and genocide, and we will be back. This is a seminal moment in American history. We must succeed. There will be a big debate coming up in September on the floor of the Senate. We will win that debate because the American people understand the consequences of failure. STEPHANOPOULOS: Mayor Giuliani... MCCAIN: Morale is good. Morale is good amongst our military. I can tell you that. A three-state solution -- we just saw it when the Iraqi people joined together with Iraqi flags celebrating a victory in a soccer match. We are winning. We must win. And we will not set a date for surrender, as the Democrats want us to do. STEPHANOPOULOS: Mayor Giuliani, is there any difference... (APPLAUSE) Is there any difference between you and Senator McCain on this issue? Would you also continue to... GIULIANI: I just noticed the question before, Senator McCain said something -- in four Democratic debates, not a single Democratic candidate said the word "Islamic terrorism." Now, that is taking political correctness to extremes. GIULIANI: It really is. (APPLAUSE) The reality is that you do not achieve peace through weakness and appeasement. Weakness and appeasement should not be a policy of the American government. We should seek a victory in Iraq and in Baghdad, and we should define the victory. And I thought the piece by O'Hanlon and Pollack last week in the New York Times, which, I have to frankly tell you, when I read it in the morning, I read it twice, and I checked -- New York Times? But it was the New York Times. It was. (LAUGHTER) And it said, "We just might win in Iraq." Now, why we would want to retreat in the face of at least some empirical evidence that General Petraeus and... STEPHANOPOULOS: But that's military -- that's military progress. No political progress. You'd continue to support the surge even if there's no political progress. GIULIANI: The reality is that if we can bring stability to Iraq, and we can give them a chance to develop stability, that's what we should be trying to accomplish. This is part of an overall terrorist war against the United States. And that's why I noted Senator McCain's statement about Islamic extreme terrorism. This is part of an overall war against us by the terrorists. It's a battle in that war. America should win that battle. And winning that battle is to have an Iraq that helps us against the Islamic terrorists. STEPHANOPOULOS: Governor Romney, are you, Mayor Giuliani and Senator McCain all in the same place right now on Iraq? ROMNEY: I think we're pretty much in the same place. It is critical for us to win this conflict. It is essential, and that's why we're going to continue to pursue this effort. And we're going to get a report from General Petraeus on the success. And I agree the Brookings Institution report over the weekend was a very encouraging indication that we're making progress. That's great news. At the same time, you look at that Democratic debate, I had to laugh at what I saw Barack Obama do. I mean, in one week he went from saying he's going to sit down, you know, for tea, with our enemies, but then he's going to bomb our allies. I mean, he's gone from Jane Fonda to Dr. Strangelove in one week. (LAUGHTER) STEPHANOPOULOS: We're going to get to that. We're going to get to that in a little bit. (APPLAUSE) ROMNEY: Let me continue. Hold on. I had more time, let me continue. I want to make one other point. ROMNEY: And that is, while we are waking up here in the United States and thinking about our barbecue in the afternoon and what's on TV, what baseball game is on, there are lot of families in this country, hundreds of thousands of people, who are waking up wondering whether their loved one is still alive. We have families who made a huge surge of sacrifice to support this surge. And it's time, in my view, for the people of America to show a surge of support, including our leaders in Washington, for these families and for the troops. Let's get behind them and give them everything we have: our prayers, our encouragement, our funds, anything to make sure this surge is successful because it counts for America. (APPLAUSE) (CROSSTALK) STEPHANOPOULOS: I'm looking at you right now. Do you differ at all from Mayor Giuliani, Governor Romney or Senator McCain? Then Senator Thompson and Ron Paul get the last word on this round. Go ahead, Congressman Tancredo. TANCREDO: There are a number of things, of course, with regard to Iraq that I think we have found some common ground on, but the reality is this: that it is absolutely true I think that we are in a war with radical Islam. That is the war. A battle is being fought in Iraq. Now, can we win the military battle on the ground? Yes, we can. Our guys are the best in the world, and the people that are serving there cannot be faulted in any way. One of the things, however, that I must say I am concerned about are the rules of engagement, that apparently are restricting the ability of our people to do their job and to protect themselves. No one should ever go into harm's way, no president should ever send anyone in this military into harm's way and keep one arm tied behind them. These rules of engagement have got to be reviewed, and no president should ever pursue them in this wan, or let people go into battle and be actually at risk. TANCREDO: I unveiled a statue for a guy by the name of Danny Dietz in my district, a Navy SEAL. Danny Dietz is dead because the rules of engagement did not allow them to do what they needed to do over there. That is unacceptable. In the broader picture, of course, you are absolutely right. We have to do something about the fact that there is no political or economic solution being developed by the Iraqis. And you have to push them into it. America cannot be the police force in Iraq. It cannot remove itself entirely from Iraq, but Iraq has got to take control of Iraq. STEPHANOPOULOS: Governor Thompson, and then Congressman Paul, you get the last word. (APPLAUSE) THOMPSON: Thank you very much. I've laid out a whole plan to really win the peace in Iraq. I've laid out a plan that we have to defend and give all our resources and every single tool possible to our fighting men and women. I have been with them, like a lot of the people up here have, and they're the finest young men and women we'll ever have in our military. But beyond that, it is not fair to America and to Americans to shoulder all of the burden. To pay for a war that's costing us $10 billion a month -- and we're not funding, we're just passing on to our children and grandchildren -- not requiring the Iraqi government to stand up and vote, that's a failure of Congress and the president of the United States. Because they do need to demand that that government makes a political statement, and help pay for that war, and help fight to win that war. Secondly, I differ with Senator Brownback. They can't even decide in parliament in Iraq whether or not they're going to be able to take a month or six weeks off for summer. THOMPSON: How will they ever decide three particular divisions? They've already got that country divided into 18 states that have been there since 1921. And if, in fact, you're going to elect people, why don't you a elect state leader, like you do in Iowa, like we do in Wisconsin, all over America? And those individual governments will be Shiite, Sunnis and Kurds. And it will stop the civil war. And split the oil revenue between the federal government, the state governments, and every man and woman and child, like we do in Alaska, and give those individuals the opportunity to build their country. That will make a stable Iraq. (inaudible) (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: Congressman Paul, you get the last word on this round. PAUL: I, of course, opposed the war a long time before it started. The neoconservatives promoted this war many, many years before it was started. It had nothing to do with Al Qaida. There was no Al Qaida in Iraq. There were no weapons of mass destruction. Just think of the weapons the Soviets had in the '60s and the '70s. And we did not have to go to nuclear war with them. There's no reason to go to war against these men in these Third World nations. At the same time, those individuals who have predicted these disastrous things to happen if we leave Iraq are the same ones who said, "As soon as we go in, it will just be duck soup, it'll be over in three months and it won't cost us anything because the oil will pay for it." (APPLAUSE) MCCAIN (?): Have you forgotten about 9/11? PAUL: And at the same time... MCCAIN (?): Have you forgotten about... PAUL: Just a moment -- at the same time, the individuals who predicted the disaster, of course, the domino theory, in Vietnam -- I was called to duty. I accepted that duty in the '60s. I served five years in the military. When we left there, it was tough, yes. But now we trade with Vietnam. We talk to them. The president's come to this country. We go back and forth. We invest in that country. We can achieve much more in peace than we can ever achieve in these needless, unconstitutional, undeclared wars. (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: Senator McCain? MCCAIN: Let me just say, George, all of us feel frustration, sometimes anger and sorrow over what's happened in this war. MCCAIN: It was very badly mismanaged for nearly the first four years. I was one of the greatest critics. We do now have a strategy that is succeeding. We do have a military whose morale is up because they see this success. This has consequences far beyond Iraq, throughout the entire region. Look at the behavior of the Iranians, the Syria, the uneasiness of our so-called allies of the region. This is an historic moment in history. And I'm going to be judged by history, not by public opinion polls. And I believe that we can and must prevail, and we've got the strategy and the general that can do it. Give us some time for it to succeed. (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: I want to move on now to domestic issues. Health care, one of the number-one domestic issues we heard about in our poll. You hear about it every day out on the campaign trail. This week, the Senate debating whether or not to expand health insurance to children in the United States. And for this, I'm want to turn to the question from David Yepsen. YEPSEN: Governor Huckabee, Senator Grassley helped fashion a compromise plan to cover 3.2 million more children by raising the cigarette tax -- poor children. President Bush has threatened to veto. Who do you side with, President Bush or Senator Grassley? HUCKABEE: I think I'd like to side with the people of America who really are looking for a lot better action than they're getting out of their president or Congress. You know, if you want to know how to fix it, I've got a solution. Either give every American the same kind of health care that Congress has, or make Congress have the same kind of health care that every American has. (APPLAUSE) They'll get it fixed. And the issue in this country is that we really have an incredible problem because our system is upside-down. It focuses on intervention at the catastrophic level of disease rather than really focusing on prevention. So we've got a system that, no matter how much money we pour into it, we're not going to fix it. HUCKABEE: We're not going to fix it until we begin to address the fact that this country has put its focus not on wellness, not on prevention, not on health, but on sickness. And that's the single most important and urgent thing that has to be done. And if we don't do that, then we're going to continue just pouring money -- and it's almost like having a boat that's taking on water, and rather than plugging the hole, we want to get a bigger bucket to take the water out of the boat. YEPSEN: Governor Thompson, same question to you. Who do you side with in that dispute, the president or Iowa's senior senator? THOMPSON: David, I want you to know that health care is one of my major dominant fields. I was secretary of health. Neither one of them are right. The problem is, is Governor Huckabee is absolutely correct. We've got a sickness, illness and disease society. We spend 90 percent of $2 trillion, ladies and gentlemen -- that's 16 percent of the gross national product -- on getting people well after they get sick. Less than 10 percent of the money keeping you out of the hospital, out of the nursing home. Does anybody in America think that's a smart idea? I think it's dumb. Let's go to wellness and prevention. Number two, let's start managing diseases in America. Let's make sure that individuals that are chronically ill and physically disabled are able to get the quality of health and therefore get the quality of life. They take up 66 percent of the cost. You could reduce that down to 50 percent. YEPSEN: Congressman Tancredo... THOMPSON: Number three -- I just would like to say -- on the uninsured, you could get one form, like we do on the 1040 for taxes, one form for the employment system, and you could save $137 billion. That would cover all of the uninsured in America without raising taxes, ladies and gentlemen. YEPSEN: Congressman Tancredo, how do you cover this (ph)? (APPLAUSE) TANCREDO: Let me suggest -- let me suggest we think about something in the area of health care that perhaps is unique, different and scary to some people, but that is this: The government -- it's not the responsibility of the federal government to provide womb-to- tomb health care for America. (APPLAUSE) And so, we constantly debate on exactly what way we want to push government control of this issue, but in every way we're doing it, it's unhealthy. It is unhealthy to have a government health-care plan in America. There are some things we can do, absolutely. The expansion of health savings accounts that increases individual responsibly. The allowing for people to actually take -- the reimportation of prescription drugs. And not only that, but let's do something about the 12 million to 20 million illegal aliens in this country that are taking a large part of our health-care dollars. (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: Gentlemen, I want to give this back to David Yepsen in a second, but I just want to clear something up first. Congressman Tancredo, I know you voted against the expansion of the children's health insurance this week. TANCREDO: You bet I did. STEPHANOPOULOS: This is just yes or no, Governor Thompson: Are you for the expansion or with President Bush on the veto? THOMPSON: I am for expanding SCHIP, but not the way Congress has done it. STEPHANOPOULOS: OK, so that's a no. And the same thing for you, Governor Huckabee. HUCKABEE: The problem with it, it actually would bring cuts to the Medicare alternative, which is the worst thing we could do, because it then takes money away from seniors. STEPHANOPOULOS: Now, I also... HUCKABEE: So, again, it's just not a good solution... (CROSSTALK) STEPHANOPOULOS: Now, again, I also know that, Congressman Paul and Congressman Hunter and Senator Brownback and Senator McCain, you all voted against expansion, as well. So the only two gentlemen left here are Governor Romney and Mayor Giuliani. Are either one of you for the expansion of children's health insurance, as outlined by Senator Grassley? ROMNEY: Look, it's critical to insure more people in this country. It doesn't make sense to have 45 million people without insurance. It's not good for them because they don't get good preventative care and disease management, just as these folks have spoken about. But it's not good for the rest of the citizens either, because if people aren't insured, they go to the emergency room for their care when they get very sick. That's expensive. They don't have any insurance to cover it. ROMNEY: So guess who pays? Everybody else. So it's not good for the people that aren't insured. It's not good for everybody else. STEPHANOPOULOS: So you're against... ROMNEY: We have to -- no, no, let me finish. Green light's on. STEPHANOPOULOS: OK. (LAUGHTER) ROMNEY: We have to get -- no, they just turned it off. Leave it on. (LAUGHTER) STEPHANOPOULOS: I control it. ROMNEY: We have to have our citizens insured, and we're not going to do that by tax exemptions, because the people that don't have insurance aren't paying taxes. What you have to do is what we did in Massachusetts. Is it perfect? No. But we say, let's rely on personal responsibility, help people buy their own private insurance, get our citizens insured, not with a government takeover, not with new taxes needed, but instead with a free-market based system that gets all of our citizens in the system. No more free rides. It works. STEPHANOPOULOS: But a no on the Grassley bill. Mayor Giuliani, go ahead. GIULIANI: The bill had two very unfortunate parts to it. One, it would reduce Medicaid Advantage, which is a very, very successful program that actually does bring about some form of a free- market solution. And second, it would have the really odd effect of moving children who presently have private insurance to becoming wards of the state, basically having them move in the direction of -- and I know the Democrats get all upset when you say this, but they're taking us toward socialized medicine. If we want the kind of results they have in England or France or Canada or Cuba, like Michael Moore wants us to do, then we should go in that direction. But that would be a terrible thing to do. What we should do is increase the number of people who have private insurance. In order to do that, we should give them a major tax deduction, $15,000, let them have a health savings account as part of that. They'll have an incentive to own their own health insurance. That's the thing that's wrong with the market here. It is not really good to move this thing in terms of more government control of health care. (APPLAUSE) STEPHANOPOULOS: But just for the record, everyone is against the expansion as Grassley outlined. Go ahead. YEPSEN: Congressman Hunter? HUNTER: Yeah. Let's get back to freedom. One thing you can't do right now, if you're an American who has a health insurance plan is you can't buy health insurance across state lines. Now, we've seen studies that have shown that the same coverage that costs 750 bucks a month in Massachusetts, you can buy in Missouri for 170 bucks a month. HUNTER: But you can't buy your health insurance across state lines like Americans buy lots of stuff across state lines. George, you know, I had a senior citizen come into my office one day. She had a $10 wrist brace on. And she said, "I was told not to complain about this, because government is paying for it." She gave me the bill. It was $525. That -- you're going to see a lot of $525 wrist braces if we pass -- if we continue to pass this SCHIP which really is the first extension of socialized medicine. This is socialized medicine. It's going to go to families that make $60,000 a year. Those aren't poor children. (APPLAUSE) YEPSEN: Senator Brownback, the bill would raise tobacco tax, as you know. How do we pay for health care in this country without raising some additional revenues? BROWNBACK: Well, that's why I voted against the bill. But it wasn't just that. The piece of it that I think you have to recognize is that you've got a fundamental decision to make here on health care, which is 16 percent of the economy, going north fast, probably headed to 20 percent of our total economy. Do you think the solution to providing more and better health care is, one, that we should have more government solutions involved, or should there be more market-based solutions involved? And I think clearly the answer here is you need more market forces in health care. That's what we need to do. (APPLAUSE) Instead, you've got the Democrats doing a step-by-step march toward a socialized one government-pay system. And they're very happy to do it that way. But we can get better health care going this way. And we can hold the price of it down and not bust the federal treasury at the same time. We can get (inaudible). STEPHANOPOULOS: Well, we didn't get a debate among all of you, but maybe we'll get one with Senator Grassley later, after the debate. (UNKNOWN): Maybe he won't endorse anybody after this. STEPHANOPOULOS: After this, that's right. I want to move on to something... THOMPSON: But, George... STEPHANOPOULOS: Excuse me, Governor Thompson, I want to move on now to something that Governor Romney brought up just a little while ago, and that was the comments earlier this week of Senator Obama, where he talked about going into Pakistan even if President Musharraf didn't agree. Here's what he said. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) SEN. BARACK OBAMA, D-ILL.: It was a terrible mistake to fail to act when we had a chance to take out an Al Qaida leadership meeting in 2005. If we have actionable intelligence about high-value terrorist targets, and President Musharraf will not act, we will. (END VIDEO CLIP) STEPHANOPOULOS: Governor Romney, you said you didn't agree with Obama's plan and you called it "ill-timed and ill-considered." Mayor Giuliani, on "Charlie Rose" the other night, you said, "I would take that option." Why don't you guys take two minutes and debate this issue out? GIULIANI: Well, I believe that is an option that should remain open. I believe the senator didn't express it the right way. I think the senator, if he could just say it over again, might want to say that we would encourage Musharraf to allow us to do it if we thought he couldn't accomplish it. But the reality is, America cannot take... STEPHANOPOULOS: But if he said no, you'd go in. GIULIANI: I didn't say I would go in. I said I wouldn't take the option off the table. STEPHANOPOULOS: No, well, you actually said, "I would take that option." GIULIANI: I said I would keep that option open. In any event... STEPHANOPOULOS: No, you said, "If we have a chance to catch bin Laden and we've got to do it ourselves because we're not sure if somebody is going to do it correctly, yeah, I think I would take that option." GIULIANI: Well, I would take that action if I thought there was no other way to crush Al Qaida, no other way to crush the Taliban, and no other way to be able to capture bin Laden. I think Pakistan has, unfortunately, not been making the efforts that they should be making. I think we should encourage them to do it, we should put the pressure on them to do it, and we should seek their permission of we ever had to take action there as we were able to get their permission -- Undersecretary or Deputy Secretary Armitage was very effective in getting Musharraf's permission for us to act in Afghanistan and Pakistan in 2001 and 2002. STEPHANOPOULOS: Governor Romney? ROMNEY: Yes, I think Barack Obama is confused as to who are our friends and who are our enemies. 09:36:55 END OF TAPE

Senior Caucasian male janitor and mid-adult female janitor of African-American ethnicity together mopping the stairs at the school

Senior Caucasian male janitor and mid-adult female janitor of African-American ethnicity together cleaning the school windows

Senate Armed Services committee hearing with Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of staff, Admiral Mike Mullen and General Carter Ham on "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" 10:00:00 SECRETARY ROBERT GATES: WELL, AS I SAY, I AM VERY WORRIED ABOUT THE COURTS AND, 10:00:07 FRANKLY, I DO THINK IT NEEDS TO BE DELIBERATE. 10:00:14 THE REALITY IS I HAD EXPRESSED THE HOPE IN FEBRUARY THAT THERE 10:00:21 WOULD BE NO LEGISLATION UNTIL AFTER THE REVIEW WAS DONE, SO 10:00:26 THAT THE REVIEW AND WHAT WE LEARNED COULD INFORM THE 10:00:31 LEGISLATIVE PROCESS. NOW, I THINK THE REPORT IS 10:00:35 PRETTY STARK, IT'S PRETTY CLEAR, AND ITS CONCLUSIONS, AGREE OR 10:00:43 NOT WITH THEM, IT'S -- I THINK IT'S PRETTY STRAIGHTFORWARD AND, 10:00:48 THEREFORE, I THINK THAT ABSORBING THE LESSONS LEARNED 10:00:57 AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE REPORT IS DOABLE 10:01:02 WITHIN THE TIME FRAME THAT YOU HAVE BEFORE THE CONGRESS 10:01:08 ADJOURNS. SO I BELIEVE THAT, AT LEAST 10:01:12 BASED ON THE INFORMATION IN THE REPORT, THAT THE CONGRESS IS IN 10:01:17 A POSITION TO ACT BECAUSE IT NOW HAS THIS INFORMATION IN HAND 10:01:21 AND, FRANKLY, I DON'T THINK IT'S ALL THAT COMPLICATED TO ABSORB. 10:01:25 I THINK THE KEY ISSUES, FRANKLY, HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED QUITE 10:01:31 CLEARLY IN YOUR OPENING STATEMENT AND SENATOR McCAIN'S 10:01:34 OPENING STATEMENT AND IN THE OPENING STATEMENT THAT THE FOUR 10:01:37 STATEMENTS THAT THE FOUR OF US HAVE MADE. 10:01:39 THOSE ARE THE CRITICAL ISSUES. SENATOR McCAIN, THANK YOU. 10:01:47 GENERAL HAM, THANK YOU FOR YOUR HARD WORK ON THE ISSUE. 10:01:52 IS IT YOUR PERSONAL OPINION THAT THIS LAW SHOULD BE REPEALED? 10:01:59 SENATOR McCAIN, I'VE GIVEN THIS A LOT OF THOUGHT. 10:02:03 WE CERTAINLY CAN. IT IS MY PERSONAL VIEW THAT I'M 10:02:07 VERY CONCERNED ABOUT THE TIMING OF THE COURTS AND SO IT IS MY -- 10:02:13 PERSONALLY I THINK IT IS TIME TO MOVE FROM DEBATE INTO DISCUSSION 10:02:15 TO DECISION AND IMPLEMENTATION. YES, SIR, I THINK IT IS TIME TO 10:02:18 CHANGE. SECRETARY GATES, THE SURVEY 10:02:26 SAYS NEARLY 60% OF RESPONDENTS IN THE MARINE CORPS AND ARMY 10:02:30 COMBAT ARMS SAY THEY BELIEVE THERE WOULD BE A NEGATIVE IMPACT 10:02:34 ON THEIR UNIT'S EFFECTIVENESS IN THIS CONTEXT AMONG MARINE COMBAT 10:02:39 ARMS THE NUMBER WAS 67%. NEARLY 60% OF THE ARMY COMBAT 10:02:44 ARMED SOLDIERS AND 66.5, TWO-THIRDS OF THE MARINE CORPS 10:02:50 COMBAT ARM TROOPS, VOICED THESE CONCERNS ABOUT REPEAL AND YOU 10:02:54 HAVE SAID THAT YOU CONCLUDED THAT THOSE CONCERNS OF NUMBERS 10:03:00 OF SERVICE MEMBERS ABOUT DETERIORATION IN THE MILITARY 10:03:04 UNIT AND COHESION ARE, QUOTE, EXAGGERATED. 10:03:06 HOW ARE THEY IT EXAGGERATED? WELL, I DON'T REMEMBER USING 10:03:13 THE WORD EXAGGERATED BECAUSE I TAKE THOSE CONCERNS VERY 10:03:16 SERIOUSLY AND, FRANKLY, SHARE THE VIEW OF THE CHIEFS THAT THE 10:03:25 REPORT'S EVALUATION OF RISK AND PARTICULARLY IN THE COMBAT ARMS 10:03:29 IS PERHAPS TOO SAN QUINN. WHAT I BELIEVE IS THAT WITH THE 10:03:37 AMOUNT WITH PROPER TIME FOR PREPARATION, FOR TRAINING, 10:03:41 WHETHER IT'S BEFORE DEPLOYMENTS OR AFTER DEPLOYMENTS, HOWEVER IT 10:03:45 WORKS OUT, IF WE ARE ALLOWED TO DO THIS ON OUR TERMS, I BELIEVE 10:03:50 THAT THOSE CONCERNS CAN BE MITIGATED AND I THINK TO REPEAT 10:03:53 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT ADMIRAL MULLEN SAID IN HIS OPENING 10:03:57 STATEMENT, THE EXPERIENCE OF THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED WITH 10:04:00 SOMEONE THEY BELIEVE TO BE GAY OR LESBIAN WAS VERY DIFFERENT, 10:04:04 EVEN IN COMBAT ARMS, THAN THOSE WHO HAD NEVER DONE SO. 10:04:08 I WOULD POINT OUT THAT FOR AN EXAMPLE WITH THE MARINE CORPS, 10:04:13 YOU ALSO HAVE AND MOST OF THE -- MOST OF THE MARINES ARE IN 10:04:17 COMBAT ARE 18 TO 24, 25 YEARS OLD. 10:04:21 MOST OF THEM HAVE NEVER SERVED WITH WOMEN EITHER. 10:04:25 AND SO THEY'VE HAD A VERY FOCUSED, VERY LIMITED EXPERIENCE 10:04:29 IN THE MILITARY AND IT'S BEEN A TOUGH ONE. 10:04:32 BUT I THINK THAT WITH TIME AND ADEQUATE PREPARATION, WE CAN 10:04:36 MITIGATE THEIR CONCERNS. WELL, I COULDN'T DISAGREE 10:04:41 MORE. WE SEND THESE YOUNG PEOPLE INTO 10:04:43 COMBAT, WE THINK THEY'RE MATURE ENOUGH TO FIGHT AND DIE, I THINK 10:04:46 THEY'RE MATURE ENOUGH TO MAKE A JUDGMENT ON WHO THEY WANT TO 10:04:49 SERVE WITH AND THE IMPACT ON THEIR BATTLE EFFECTIVENESS. 10:04:54 MR. SECRETARY, I SPEAK FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCE. 10:04:59 WITHIN THE COMBAT UNITS, THE ARMY AND MARINE CORPS, THE 10:05:03 NUMBERS ARE ALARMING. 12.6% OF THE OVERALL MILITARY 10:05:06 FORCE RESPONDED TO THE SURVEY SAY THEY'LL LEAVE THE MILITARY 10:05:11 SOONER THAN THEY HAD PLANNED. 21% OF ARMY COMBAT TROOPS 10:05:17 INDICATE THEY WILL LEAVE THE FORCE EARLIER. 10:05:19 THE MARINE CORPS THAT NUMBER JUMPS TO 32%, NEARLY A THIRD OF 10:05:27 ALL MARINE CORPS COMBAT ARMS FORCE WHICH IS PROBABLY WHY THE 10:05:29 SERVICE CHIEFS, THE COMDANT AND MARINE CORPS, QUOTE, IN YOUR 10:05:35 WORDS LESS SANGWIN THAN YOU ARE ABOUT THIS ISSUE. 10:05:39 IF THEY LEFT -- THIS 12.6% OF THE MILITARY LEFT EARLIER, THAT 10:05:42 TRANSLATES INTO 264,600 MEMBER AND WOMEN WHO WOULD LEAVE THE 10:05:47 MILITARY EARLIER THAN THEY HAD PLANNED. 10:05:51 DO YOU THINK THAT'S A GOOD IDEA TO REPLACE 265,000 TROOPS ACROSS 10:05:56 THE FORCE IN TIME OF WAR THAT WE SHOULD BE UNDERTAKING THAT 10:06:00 CHALLENGE AT THIS TIME? FIRST OF ALL, THE EXPERIENCE 10:06:06 OF THE BRITISH, THE CANADIANS AND SOME OF THE OTHERS, HAS BEEN 10:06:12 THAT IN THEIR SURVEYS PRIOR TO ENACTING A CHANGE IN THEIR LAWS 10:06:19 AND RULES, THERE WERE SUBSTANTIAL NUMBERS WHO SAID 10:06:23 THAT THEY WOULD LEAVE AND IN THE EVENT THOSE NUMBERS WERE FAR 10:06:30 SMALLER THAN THE SURVEYS HAD INDICATED. 10:06:34 I THINK IF WE -- I THINK ONCE AGAIN, I GO BACK TO THE POINT 10:06:39 THAT PEOPLE WHO HAVE HAD EXPERIENCE HAVE A DIFFERENT -- 10:06:43 SERVING WITH GAYS OR LESBIANS HAVE HAD A DIFFERENT VIEW OF 10:06:47 THESE THINGS AND I THINK THAT WILL BE TRUE OF A LOT OF OUR 10:06:51 FORCE. AGAIN, I THINK THAT THE TRAINING 10:06:53 AND SO ON WILL HELP MITIGATE THESE CONSEQUENCES AND FRANKLY I 10:06:59 THINK THAT WHILE THERE ARE SOME CONCERNS THAT YOU WILL PROBABLY 10:07:04 HEAR TOMORROW ABOUT SOME OF OUR SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES WHERE 10:07:07 THERE ARE LIMITED NUMBERS OF PEOPLE AND WHERE ANY LOSS IS 10:07:14 POTENTIALLY OF CONCERN FOR THE FORCE AS A WHOLE, I DON'T THINK 10:07:19 ANY OF US EXPECT THAT THE NUMBERS WOULD BE ANYTHING LIKE 10:07:25 WHAT THE SURVEY SUGGESTS JUST BASED ON EXPERIENCE. 10:07:28 ALSO YOU HAVE THE REALITY, THEY CAN'T JUST UP AND LEAVE. 10:07:34 THEY HAVE ENLISTMENT CONTRACTS, THE OFFICERS HAVE CONTRACTS IN 10:07:37 TERMS OF THE AMOUNT OF TIME THEY HAVE TO SERVE, AND SO IT ISN'T 10:07:41 LIKE THEY CAN JUST SAY, WELL, I'M OUT OF HERE. 10:07:45 THEY ARE GOING TO HAVE TO COMPLETE THEIR OBLIGATION AND I 10:07:49 BELIEVE THAT DURING THAT PERIOD, THEIR CONCERNS CAN BE MITIGATED. 10:07:51 I THINK ONE OF THE ENCOURAGING ASPECTS OF THIS HAS BEEN THE 10:07:56 RELATIVE, THE FAIRLY POSITIVE RESPONSES OF SPOUSES BECAUSE, AS 10:08:02 THE SAYING GOES, YOU ENLIST THE SOLDIER, YOU RE-ENLIST THE 10:08:05 FAMILY, AND SO THE POSITIVE RESPONSES OF THE SPOUSES I THINK 10:08:09 HAS BEEN IMPORTANT. MR. SECRETARY, FINALLY, WE 10:08:15 ARE VERY DEEPLY CONCERNED ABOUT WIKILEAKS, THE IMPACT THAT IT 10:08:18 HAS HAD ON IDENTIFYING PEOPLE WHO WERE COOPERATING WITH US IN 10:08:23 AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ AND SOME LEADERS HAVE SAID THEY HAVE 10:08:28 BLOOD ON THEIR HANDS. SO FAR ALL WE KNOW IS THAT ONE 10:08:33 PRIVATE FIRST CLASS WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS. 10:08:36 HAVE YOU HELD -- AND YOU BEGAN AN INVESTIGATION SINCE JULY. 10:08:39 HAVE YOU HELD ANY INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WIKILEAKS 10:08:43 AND PUNISHED ANYONE, PUT ANYONE ON LEAVE, HAD ANY -- TAKEN ANY 10:08:49 DISCIPLINARY ACTION WHATSOEVER FOR THIS INCREDIBLE BREACH OF 10:08:51 NATIONAL SECURITY? WELL, I WOULD ANSWER IN TWO 10:08:56 WAYS, SENATOR. FIRST, TO A CERTAIN EXTENT, OUR 10:09:03 ABILITY TO GO DOWN THAT PATH IS LIMITED BY THE FACT THAT WE HAVE 10:09:07 CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER WAY, THAT LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO 10:09:11 CONDUCT AN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION WHILE THAT 10:09:14 CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IS GOING ON. 10:09:16 BY THE SAME TOKEN, BEGINNING IN AUGUST, WE DIRECTED A NUMBER OF 10:09:23 STEPS TO TAKE EVERY POSSIBLE -- TIME IS EXPIRED. 10:09:26 I ASKED IF YOU HELD ANYONE RESPONSIBLE, WAS MY QUESTION? 10:09:28 NOT YET. THANK YOU. 10:09:29 THANK YOU. THANK YOU, SENATOR McCAIN. 10:09:33 SENATOR ELEMENT. 10:10:05 THE QUESTION OF WHETHER THE LAW SHOULD BE REPEALED IS FOR 10:10:07 CONGRESS AND I WANT TO VERY BRIEFLY SAY THAT TO ME, IN 10:10:11 REACHING A JUDGMENT IN THAT QUESTION, WHERE ON THE FRONT 10:10:17 LINES OF A TURNING POINT IN AMERICAN HISTORY, AND WE HAVE 10:10:19 THESE IN EVERY GENERATION, THIS COUNTRY FROM THE BEGINNING WAS 10:10:24 DEFINED NOT BY ITS BORDERS, BUT BY OUR VALUES, THE DECLARATION 10:10:29 OF INDEPENDENCE SAYS, YOU KNOW, WE'RE ALL ENDOWED BY GOD WITH 10:10:35 THOSE EQUAL RIGHTS TO LIFE, LIBERTY AND PURSUIT OF 10:10:37 HAPPINESS. AND EVERY GENERATION HAS 10:10:39 REALIZED THOSE RIGHTS BETTER. OF COURSE, THEY WEREN'T REALIZED 10:10:42 AT THE BEGINNING IN 1776 FOR WOMEN, FOR PEOPLE OF COLOR, ET 10:10:47 CETERA, ET CETERA. IN OUR TIME ONE OF THE GREAT 10:10:50 TRANSITIONS OCCURRING IS THE GROWING READINESS AND 10:10:56 UNDERSTANDING AMONG THE AMERICAN PEOPLE THAT YOU SIMPLY -- IT'S 10:11:00 JUST WRONG AND UN-AMERICAN TO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST PEOPLE 10:11:03 BASED ON THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATION. 10:11:09 ONE OF THE GREAT EXAMPLES, I THINK A HEROIC EXAMPLE OF THIS 10:11:12 CHANGE OF PUBLIC OPINION, IS THE GREAT MAN WHOSE CHAIR I AM 10:11:17 OCCUPYING TODAY, WHO SERVED ON THIS COMMITTEE UNTIL HIS DEATH, 10:11:23 SENATOR ROBERT C. BYRD, WHO STRONGLY SUPPORTED "DON'T ASK, 10:11:26 DON'T TELL" IN 1993 AND THEN IN OUR DELIBERATIONS THIS YEAR, 10:11:32 PLAYED A CRITICAL ROLE OFFERED LEGISLATION TO GUARANTEE REAL 10:11:38 DUE PROCESS AND A DELIBERATIVE PROCESS IN REMOVING THIS LAW, 10:11:42 AND BASICALLY SAID IN VOTING FOR THE CHANGE, THAT IT WAS WRONG. 10:11:46 IT WAS NOT CONSISTENT WITH OUR VALUES AND IT WASN'T GOOD FOR 10:11:50 THE MILITARY. THE MILITARY, U.S. MILITARY, HAS 10:11:54 A PROUD TRADITION OF LEADING IN REFLECTING THE BEST VALUES OF 10:12:00 AMERICA. IN THIS CASE, I THINK THE U.S. 10:12:03 MILITARY IS BEHIND THE AMERICAN PEOPLE AND BEHIND THE PRIVATE 10:12:07 SECTOR, AND IT IS BECAUSE THE LAW CONSTRAINS YOU FROM 10:12:13 REFLECTING OUR BEST VALUES. THE 1993 LAW SAYS THE COMMANDER 10:12:18 IN CHIEF, THE MILITARY, DON'T HAVE THE LATITUDE TO END THIS 10:12:23 DISCRIMINATORY POLICY, AND THAT'S WHY I THINK IT'S SO 10:12:26 CRITICALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE DO THIS AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE, AND 10:12:31 IF WE DO IT IN THIS LAME-DUCK SESSION, THE DELIBERATIVE 10:12:35 PROCESS THAT THE AMENDMENT AND OUR LAW PROVIDES IS REALLY FULL 10:12:39 OF DUE PROCESS. IN FACT, THERE IS NO TIME LIMIT 10:12:43 ON THE CERTIFICATION REQUIRED FROM THE PRESIDENT, SECRETARY OF 10:12:46 DEFENSE AND CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF. 10:12:50 THAT'S UP TO THOSE THREE HONORED INDIVIDUALS. 10:12:54 SO I THINK THAT ADMIRAL MULLEN SAID IT WELL AND TO ME IT'S 10:12:59 SUCCESS IN THE MILITARY IS BASED NOT ON WHO YOU ARE, BUT WHAT YOU 10:13:03 DO. THAT'S TRUE OF AMERICAN LIFE 10:13:05 GENERALLY AND THIS IS OUR OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE THAT. 10:13:08 I WANT TO ASK JUST A COUPLE QUESTIONS. 10:13:10 THE FIRST IS THIS, WHY DO I SAY THIS POLICY HAS BEEN BAD FOR THE 10:13:15 MILITARY? BECAUSE THE RECORD SHOWS THAT 10:13:17 ALMOST 14,000 SERVICE MEMBERS HAVE BEEN TOSSED OUT OF THE 10:13:22 MILITARY OVER THE LAST 17 YEARS, NOT BECAUSE THEY WERE BAD 10:13:26 SOLDIERS, NOT BECAUSE THEY VIOLATED THE CODE OF CONDUCT, 10:13:30 BUT BECAUSE THEY WERE GAY, WHO THEY WERE. 10:13:35 ADMIRAL MULLEN, IN THAT SENSE DO YOU THINK WE'VE LOST SOME 10:13:39 CRITICAL MILITARY PERSONNEL AND, IN FACT, SOME WHO ARE GAY AND 10:13:43 LESBIAN MAY HAVE NOT ENLISTED IN THE MILITARY BECAUSE OF FEAR OF 10:13:46 WHAT THAT WOULD MEAN TO THEM PERSONALLY? 10:13:48 I DON'T THINK THERE'S ANY QUESTION ABOUT THAT, AND TO THE 10:13:51 WHOLE ISSUE OF BOTH RECRUITING AND RETENTION AND THE REPORT 10:13:55 ITSELF LOOKS VERY SPECIFICALLY AT THE RISK LEVEL WITH RESPECT 10:13:59 TO THAT, AND BE IT ALSO FLAGS AREAS THAT SHOULD THIS CHANGE, 10:14:04 WE NEED TO FOCUS ON AS LEADERS, AND ONE OF THE THINGS I STRUGGLE 10:14:07 WITH IS THAT WE HAVE LOST UPWARDS OF 13,000 TO 14,000 10:14:13 INDIVIDUALS CLEARLY BY IMPLICATION ALONE THERE ARE 10:14:15 THOSE THAT WOULD CHOOSE NOT TO COME IN TO HAVE TO GO THROUGH 10:14:18 THAT, AND IN ADDITION TO THAT, AND THEN THIS IS VERY 10:14:21 FUNDAMENTAL TO ME, WHICH HAS BEEN THIS WHOLE ISSUE OF 10:14:24 INTEGRITY. WE'RE AN INSTITUTION THAT VALUES 10:14:28 INTEGRITY AND THEN ASKS OTHER PEOPLE TO JOIN US, WORK WITH US, 10:14:31 FIGHT WITH US, DIE WITH US, AND LIE ABOUT WHO THEY ARE THE WHOLE 10:14:34 TIME THEY'RE IN THE MILITARY. THAT'S WHAT JUST DOESN'T MAKE 10:14:37 ANY SENSE TO ME. WHILE THEY'RE HERE AND ABLE TO 10:14:39 DO THAT, EVEN IN THE POLICY THAT WE HAVE, THEY ARE ACTUALLY 10:14:44 INDIVIDUALS WHO GO THROUGH EXTRAORDINARY PAIN TO SUSTAIN 10:14:50 THAT LIE. LET ME READ YOU ONE OF THE 10:14:52 MORE -- TO ME ONE OF THE MORE INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT 10:14:55 STATISTICS IN THE SURVEY. ONLY 15% OF GAY AND LESBIAN 10:15:01 SERVICE MEMBERS CURRENTLY WHO RESPONDED TO THE RAND SURVEY 10:15:05 SAID THEY WOULD WANT THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATION TO BE KNOWN 10:15:08 IN THEIR UNIT. ONLY 15%. 10:15:12 HERE'S A QUOTE FROM ONE OF THOSE. 10:15:15 TO THE INTERVIEWER. I THINK A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK 10:15:17 THERE'S GOING TO BE THIS BIG OUTING AND PEOPLE FLAUNTING 10:15:21 THEIR GAYNESS, BUT THEY FORGET THAT WE'RE IN THE MILITARY. 10:15:26 THAT STUFF ISN'T SUPPOSED TO BE DONE DURING DUTY HOURS, 10:15:30 REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU'RE GAY OR STRAIGHT, END OF QUOTE, FROM 10:15:34 A SERVICE MEMBERS. JUST TO MAKE CLEAR, ADMIRAL, IF 10:15:38 "DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL" IS REPEALED, THE MILITARY CODE OF 10:15:42 CONDUCT WILL APPLY TO GAY MEMBERS OF THE MILITARY AS WELL 10:15:45 AS STRAIGHT MEMBERS, AND JUST AS A STRAIGHT MEMBER WHO -- A MAN 10:15:51 WHO MAY SEXUALLY HARASS A WOMAN IS SUBJECT TO DISCIPLINE, SO, 10:15:56 TOO, WOULD A GAY MEMBER OF THE MILITARY WHO SUBJECTS ANOTHER 10:15:59 PERSON OF THE SAME GENDER BE SUBJECT TO DISCIPLINARY ACTION. 10:16:03 STANDARDS OF CONDUCT WILL NOT CHANGE ONE BIT. 10:16:07 LEADERSHIP REQUIREMENTS TO ENFORCE THOSE WON'T CHANGE AT 10:16:11 ALL. SO I FULLY AGREE WITH YOU. 10:16:14 JUST FINALLY IN YOUR COMMENT ABOUT THE INTEGRITY OF THE 10:16:17 MILITARY, WE'RE GOING THROUGH A TOUGH TIME IN AMERICAN LIFE NOW, 10:16:20 AND IT'S A TIME IN WHICH THE AMERICAN PEOPLE HAVE LOST 10:16:23 CONFIDENCE IN SOME OF THE GREAT INSTITUTIONS OF OUR SOCIETY, THE 10:16:27 GOVERNMENT, RIGHT HERE, WHAT WE'RE A PART OF, THE BUSINESS 10:16:32 COMMUNITY, PROBABLY THE ONE INSTITUTION, CENTRAL INSTITUTION 10:16:34 N OUR COUNTRY THAT THE AMERICAN PEOPLE STILL HAVE TRUST IN IS 10:16:37 THE AMERICAN MILITARY BECAUSE IT'S COMMITTED TO A CAUSE LARGER 10:16:41 THAN INDIVIDUALS, BECAUSE THEY'RE COMMITTED TO ONE 10:16:46 ANOTHER, AND THEIR MISSION FOCUSED. 10:16:48 IT'S NOT WHO YOU ARE, BUT WHAT YOU DO. 10:16:51 AND I THINK "DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL" IS A STAIN ON THE HONOR OF 10:16:53 THE U.S. MILITARY THAT WE HAVE THE CAPACITY TO REMOVE IN THIS 10:16:57 SESSION OF CONGRESS AND I HOPE THAT WE WILL. 10:16:59 THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. THANK YOU, SENATOR LIEBERMAN. 10:17:04 SENATOR ENHOFF. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. 10:17:06 LET ME STAY THIS. BACK IN 1993 AND 1994, UNDER THE 10:17:11 CLINTON ADMINISTRATION, WHEN "DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL" WAS 10:17:14 INSTALLED, I WAS CRITICAL OF THAT. 10:17:15 I DIDN'T THINK IT WOULD WORK. AND NOW THAT TIME HAS GONE BY 10:17:18 AND WE'VE GONE WHAT, 16 OR 17 YEARS, IT'S SOMETHING THAT 10:17:22 HAS -- THERE'S NO SAYING NOW THAT I'VE USED IN THE PAST, IF 10:17:27 IT AIN'T BROKE, DON'T FIX IT. IT HAS WORKED. 10:17:29 I REALLY BELIEVE IT HAS WORKED. LET ME JUST GET INTO IT, JUST 10:17:32 ASK THE SAME QUESTION THAT SENATOR McCAIN ASKED, AND 10:17:36 PERHAPS A LITTLE DIFFERENT WAY. RIGHT NOW, WE HAVE THE BEST -- 10:17:41 PROBABLY THE BEST RETENTION AND RECRUITMENT PERCENTAGES OVER 10:17:48 100% EVERYWHERE EXCEPT I THINK THE ARMY GUARD AND THERE'S SOME 10:17:50 OTHER REASONS FOR THAT. THIS IS SOMETHING THAT HAS 10:17:53 CONCERNED ME AS TO HOW THIS WOULD AFFECT THAT. 10:17:55 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE REPORT UNDER QUESTION 71 B, AND YOU 10:18:01 TAKE THE POSITIVE AND THE VERY POSITIVE AND THE NEGATIVE AND 10:18:03 VERY NEGATIVES AND THE QUESTION IS, WOULD IT AFFECT YOUR 10:18:07 IMMEDIATE UNIT EFFECTIVENESS AT COMPLETING ITS MISSION, IT'S TWO 10:18:12 AND A HALF TO ONE. TWO AND A HALF THAT THEY'RE 10:18:14 SAYING THIS WOULD HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT. 10:18:17 AND THEN WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE OTHER FIGURES, YOU HAVE TO SAY, 10:18:23 YOU HAVE TO ASK THE QUESTION, HOW IS THIS GOING TO NEGATIVELY 10:18:28 IMPACT THE RECRUITMENT OR RETENTION? 10:18:30 AND I THINK THAT THERE'S ANOTHER FIGURE TO BE USED. 10:18:34 THE 27.3% WOULD LEAVE OR THINK ABOUT LEAVING, ADMIRAL MULLEN, 10:18:39 THE SERVICE. THIS IS FROM THE REPORT. 10:18:41 AND ALSO, 27% OF THE MILITARY MEMBERS SURVEYED SAID THAT 10:18:46 REPEAL WOULD NOT BE -- THE REPEAL WOULD NOT BE WILLING TO 10:18:51 RECOMMEND MILITARY SERVICE TO SOMEONE ELSE. 10:18:53 I KNOW THERE HAVE BEEN STUDIES MADE. 10:18:56 AS I RECALL IT'S ABOUT 50% OF THE PEOPLE WHO GO INTO THE 10:18:59 MILITARY DO SO AT THE RECOMMENDATION OF SOMEONE THAT'S 10:19:01 ALREADY IN. LET'S ASSUME THAT'S RIGHT. 10:19:04 ARE YOU CONCERNED AT ALL ABOUT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN TO OUR 10:19:07 RETENTION AND RECRUITMENT, ADMIRAL MULLEN? 10:19:09 SENATOR, THE REPORT PROPERLY FLAGGED THESE ISSUES AND I THINK 10:19:12 THAT'S IMPORTANT. SO IT'S CERTAINLY SOMETHING, IF 10:19:15 IMPLEMENTED, WE HAVE TO FOCUS ON. 10:19:18 I HAVE NOT A SOLDIER, SAILOR, MARINE, COAST GUARDSMAN IN MY 10:19:22 WHOLE LIFE, MAN OR WOMAN, WHO DIDN'T THINK AT ONE POINT OR 10:19:24 ANOTHER ABOUT WHETHER THEY WERE GOING TO STAY OR GO. 10:19:28 AND THEN FROM MY POINT OF VIEW, THAT FOCUSES ON EXPOSURE AND 10:19:34 UNDERSTANDING AND SURVEY OR THE REPORT WHICH INDICATES HOW MANY 10:19:38 ONCE EXPOSED, IT DID NOT AFFECT AT THE 90% LEVEL, INCLUDING THE 10:19:44 COMBAT ARMS, THE MARINES, AS WELL, THAT IT DID NOT AFFECT 10:19:50 UNIT READINESS. NOW THAT'S A REALITY OF EXPOSURE 10:19:54 AND THERE ARE CLEARLY THOSE, AS SECRETARY OF DEFENSE SAID, WHO 10:19:57 HAVE NOT BEEN EXPOSED. I UNDERSTAND YOUR QUESTION, 10:20:00 BUT IT'S TAKING UP ALL MY TIME, YOUR ANSWER. 10:20:03 LET ME ASK YOU THIS ONE FURTHER QUESTION. 10:20:06 DO YOU BELIEVE THAT -- WHY DO YOU THINK ONLY TWO-THIRDS OF THE 10:20:09 PEOPLE RESPONDED TO THIS SURVEY? ACTUALLY, BY EVERY INDICATION 10:20:13 AND YOU WOULD HAVE TO GET SOMEBODY THAT DOES THIS FOR A 10:20:15 LIVING, IT WAS AN EXTRAORDINARILY POSITIVE 10:20:18 RESPONSE WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT 28% OF THE 400,000 SURVEYS THAT WERE 10:20:23 SENT OUT TO THE MEN AND WOMEN IN UNIFORM AND THE 150,000 TO OUR 10:20:30 FAMILIES. MORE THAN STATISTICALLY 10:20:31 SIGNIFICANT IN ALL THE KEY CATEGORIES. 10:20:33 I CERTAINLY DISAGREE WITH THAT AND I HAVE TALKED TO PEOPLE 10:20:35 IN THE FIELD WHO HAVE SAID THAT WE DIDN'T RESPOND BECAUSE THE 10:20:38 DECISION WAS ALREADY MADE. I THINK SENATOR McCAIN ALREADY 10:20:41 COVERED THAT. I WON'T REPEAT THAT. 10:20:42 LET ME QUICKLY GET THIS IN BECAUSE I KNOW TOMORROW IS THE 10:20:45 HEARING WHERE WE'LL HAVE THE SERVICE CHIEFS. 10:20:47 BUT I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO GET IT IN THE RECORD HERE. 10:20:50 GENERAL SCHWARTZ OF THE AIR FORCE, I BELIEVE IT IS IMPORTANT 10:20:53 A MATTER OF KEEPING FAITH WITH THOSE CURRENTLY SERVING IN THE 10:20:55 ARMED FORCES THAT THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE COMMISSION REVIEW BE 10:21:00 COMPLETED BEFORE THERE'S ANY LEGISLATION TO REPEAL. 10:21:03 OBVIOUSLY THAT DIDN'T HAPPEN BECAUSE THIS LEGISLATION CAME 10:21:07 THROUGH IN THE FORM OF AMENDMENT BACK IN MARCH 27th. 10:21:11 ADMIRAL ROUGHHEAD, MY CONCERN IS THAT LEGISLATIVE CHANGES AT THIS 10:21:16 POINT LEADING SAILORS TO QUESTION WHETHER THEIR INPUT 10:21:19 MATTERS. THAT'S WHAT I'VE HEARD IN THE 10:21:20 FIELD. DOESN'T MATTER, WHY RESPOND TO 10:21:24 IT. GENERAL CASEY, I REMAIN 10:21:26 CONVINCED THAT IT IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT TO GET A BETTER 10:21:29 UNDERSTANDING OF WHERE OUR SOLDIERS AND FAMILY ARES ON THE 10:21:31 ISSUE AND I ALSO BELIEVE THAT REPEALING THE LAW BEFORE THE 10:21:34 COMPLETION OF THE REVIEW WILL BE SEEN BY MEN AND WOMEN OF THE 10:21:37 ARMY AS A REVERSAL OF OUR COMMITMENT TO HEAR THEIR VIEWS 10:21:41 MOVING FORWARD. CLEARLY, THEY BELIEVE, LAST 10:21:44 JANUARY, THAT BEFORE ANY DECISION WAS MADE, THAT WE WOULD 10:21:46 HEAR THEIR REVIEWS. THEN HALFWAY THROUGH THIS, THE 10:21:50 LEGISLATION AMENDMENTS CAME. I MIGHT SAY RIGHT DOWN PARTY 10:21:54 LINES, TO GO AHEAD AND DO THAT. AND THIS IS WHAT WE HEAR IN THE 10:21:57 FIELD. GENERAL AMOS OF THE MARINE 10:21:59 CORPS, NOW IS THE WRONG TIME TO OVERTURN "DON'T ASK, DON'T 10:22:03 TELL." AS U.S. TROOPS REMAIN IN THE 10:22:04 THICK OF WAR IN AFGHANISTAN, THERE IS RISK INVOLVED. 10:22:07 I'M TRYING TO DETERMINE HOW TO MEASURE THAT RISK. 10:22:10 THIS IS NOT A SOCIAL THING. THIS IS A COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS 10:22:15 THAT IS WHAT THE COUNTRY PAYS MARINES IT TO DO. 10:22:17 I KNOW THEY'RE COMING UP TOMORROW, WE'LL HAVE A CHANCE TO 10:22:20 ASK THEM. LET ME ASK YOU FOR A BRIEF 10:22:22 ANSWER. DO YOU THINK THAT THEY'RE RIGHT 10:22:23 OR WRONG? I THINK THERE'S AN 10:22:25 OPPORTUNITY TO HEAR THEM BEFORE LEGISLATION PASSES, AS THEY HAVE 10:22:29 ASKED IN THE PAST. SECRETARY GATES? 10:22:34 WELL, I WOULD JUST SAY THERE IS ANOTHER PERSON THAT SAID 10:22:37 SOMETHING ALONG THOSE LINES IN TERMS OF THE REVIEW AND THAT WAS 10:22:40 ME BEFORE THIS COMMITTEE IN FEBRUARY WHEN I URGED THAT THERE 10:22:44 BE NO LEGISLATION UNTIL THE REVIEW HAD BEEN COMPLETED. 10:22:50 ALL RIGHT. NOW LASTLY, I'VE HEARD SEVERAL 10:22:54 TIMES THAT THAT'S ALL RIGHT, WHATEVER HAPPENS HERE NOW IS -- 10:22:59 NOT ALL THAT SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE THERE IS A FINAL STEP AND THE 10:23:01 FINAL STEP IS THAT THE REPEAL PROVISION CONTAINED WITHIN BOTH 10:23:05 THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE 10:23:09 VERSIONS WOULD WORK AS FOLLOWS -- ONCE THE LAW IS 10:23:12 ENACTED REPEALED AND SO FORTH AND THE PRESIDENT AND THE 10:23:15 CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS AND THE SECRETARY DELIVERED TO 10:23:21 CONGRESS THEIR RECOMMENDATION BASED ON THESE ASSUMPTIONS THAT 10:23:24 COME OUT OF THIS REPORT, AND THAT ISN'T GOING TO HAPPEN UNTIL 10:23:30 THAT TAKES PLACE, AND YET HALFWAY THROUGH THIS PROCESS, 10:23:34 SECRETARY GATES AND CHAIRMAN MULLEN, AND, OF COURSE THE 10:23:38 PRESIDENT HAS MADE IT VERY CLEAR, YOU'VE ALREADY MADE UP 10:23:40 YOUR MIND. HAVE YOU ALREADY MADE UP YOUR 10:23:42 MIND SO THIS STEP IS NOT GOING TO BE NECESSARY? 10:23:44 ABSOLUTELY NOT. THE CERTIFICATION PROCESS, I 10:23:48 THINK, IS A CRITICAL PIECE OF THE LEGISLATION, AND SPEAKING 10:23:53 FOR MYSELF, I WOULD NOT SIGN ANY CERTIFICATION UNTIL I WAS 10:23:57 SATISFIED WITH THE ADVICE OF THE SERVICE CHIEFS THAT WE HAD, IN 10:24:01 FACT, MITIGATED, IF NOT ELIMINATED, TO THE EXTENT 10:24:06 POSSIBLE, RISKS TO COMBAT READINESS, TO UNIT COHESION AND 10:24:11 EFFECTIVENESS. EVEN THOUGH YOU STATED I 10:24:12 FULLY SUPPORT THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION, THE QUESTION BEFORE US 10:24:15 IS NOT WHETHER THE MILITARY PREPARES TO MAKE THE CHANGE BUT 10:24:17 HOW WE PREPARE FOR IT? THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT. 10:24:19 THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 10:24:26 SENATOR ENHOFF. AND NOW SENATOR REID. 10:24:29 THANK YOU VERY MUCH, MR. CHAIRMAN. 10:24:31 ADMIRAL MULLEN, I THINK A QUESTION AND COMMENTS GOING BACK 10:24:35 AND FORTH, LET ME PUT IT IN A QUESTION THIS WAY. 10:24:41 YOU SEEM TO BE SAYING THAT THERE IS A HIGH CORRELATION BETWEEN 10:24:47 THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED WITH GAY INDIVIDUALS AND WHO BELIEVE THAT 10:24:51 UNIT COHESION WILL NOT BE EFFECTIVE AND THAT THERE'S A -- 10:24:55 TRUE. A VERY LOW CORRELATION, WITH 10:25:00 THOSE WHO NEVER SERVED WITH THEM AND THE QUESTION OF COHESION. 10:25:03 THEY FEEL IT WOULD BE IRREPARABLY HARMED. 10:25:07 WHICH LEADS TO THE CONCLUSION YOU'RE GETTING AT, THAT THIS, 10:25:11 THE RESULTS ARE, IF YOU HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO SERVE WITH 10:25:16 INDIVIDUALS WHO YOU KNOW OR SUSPECT TO BE GAY, THAT YOU 10:25:20 DON'T HAVE SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS ABOUT OVERALL COHESION, IS THAT 10:25:27 YOUR CONCLUSION? YES, SIR. 10:25:28 THAT IS THE CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY, TOO, AS YOU LOOK AT THE 10:25:32 CORRELATION NUMBERS? YES, SIR. 10:25:33 THE STUDY LAID THAT OUT. ADDITIONALLY, THE STUDY ALSO 10:25:37 FOUND THAT SHOULD THE LAW CHANGE, THOSE WHO -- THE 10:25:42 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THOSE WHO ARE ACTUALLY DEPLOYED AND IN COMBAT, 10:25:48 THEIR CONCERNS WERE LOWER THAN THOSE WHO WERE IN COMBAT ARMS 10:25:53 BUT NOT DEPLOYED, BECAUSE THEY'RE VERY SPECIFICALLY 10:25:55 FOCUSED ON THE MISSION IN COMBAT AT THE TIME. 10:25:58 I THINK THAT'S IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE AGAIN. 10:26:02 LET ME UNDERSTAND YOU FULLY. THOSE UNITS THAT WERE SURVEYED 10:26:07 THAT WERE DEPLOYED IN COMBAT, THEIR RESPONSES WERE LESS 10:26:12 CONCERNED ABOUT UNIT COHESION WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF GAY 10:26:15 PERSONNEL? WHAT THE WORKING -- WHAT THE 10:26:20 REPORT SHOWED SPECIFICALLY WERE THOSE WHO WERE IN COMBAT 10:26:24 SITUATIONS OR HAD BEEN IN COMBAT SITUATIONS ON THIS ISSUE, FOUND 10:26:27 THEMSELVES MUCH MORE FOCUSED ON COMBAT AND EXPRESSED LESS 10:26:34 CONCERN ABOUT THE POLICIES THAN THOSE WHO WERE COMBAT ARMS WHO 10:26:38 WERE NOT DEPLOYED AT THE TIME. IT'S VERY CLEAR THEY WERE 10:26:41 FOCUSED ON SUCCEEDING IN COMBAT AND SUCCEEDING IN THEIR MISSION. 10:26:47 I THINK THIS SURVEY DATA COMPLEMENTS WHAT THE BEST PROXY 10:26:52 WE HAVE FOR THIS QUESTION, WHICH IS EXPERIENCE OF OUR CLOSEST 10:26:55 ALLIES AND I DON'T KNOW IF YOU WANT TO COMMENT OR SECRETARY 10:26:58 GATES WANT TO COMMENT ON WHAT YOU'VE HEARD FROM THE BRITISH 10:27:00 CHIEFS OF SERVICE IN TERMS OF THEIR COMBAT ARMS, THEIR ROYAL 10:27:06 MARINES, THEIR SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES WHO ARE 10:27:09 OPERATING SIDE BY SIDE WITH OUR FORCES. 10:27:11 I DON'T APPROACH THIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF, YOU KNOW, 10:27:15 ONE TO ONE COMPARISON BECAUSE WE ARE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND I 10:27:20 UNDERSTAND. WHEN I TALK TO MY COUNTERPARTS 10:27:22 IN THE UK AND IN AUSTRALIA, SPECIFICALLY, THE THEME FROM 10:27:31 BOTH CHIEFS WAS AN AWFUL LOT OF RESISTANCE UP FRONT, AN AWFUL 10:27:35 LOT OF HUBBUB BEFORE IT CHANGED, AND THEN IT VIRTUALLY WAS 10:27:40 IMPLEMENTED WITHOUT AN ISSUE ONCE THE LAW CHANGED IN THEIR 10:27:42 OWN COUNTRY. AND YOU HAVE HAD NO COMMENTS 10:27:46 FROM THE FIELD OF OUR COMMANDERS WHO ARE WORKING WITH THESE UNITS 10:27:50 QUESTIONING THEIR COMBAT EFFICIENCY. 10:27:53 IN FACT, MY IMPRESSION IS WHEN I GO INTO AFGHANISTAN, IS THAT 10:27:58 THEY -- THEY'RE EAGER FOR THE HELP AND SUPPORT AND QUITE 10:28:03 IMPRESSED WITH THEIR PERFORMANCE, IS THAT FAIR? 10:28:05 THEY'RE FOCUSED ON -- THEIR PRIORITIES ARE JUST NOT FOCUSED 10:28:10 ON THIS ISSUE VERY SPECIFICALLY. GENERAL HAM, YOU HAVE 10:28:17 CONDUCTED 95 FORUMS, 51 BASES, YOU'VE CONDUCTED 140 SMALLER 10:28:22 FOCUS GROUP SESSIONS, YOU'VE HANDED OUT 400,000 10:28:28 QUESTIONNAIRES, RECEIVED A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER BACK, BUT 10:28:33 ULTIMATELY, THERE'S A JUDGMENT ABOUT WHETHER YOU FEEL THAT 10:28:36 THERE IS -- THAT THE VOICE OF THE TROOPS, THE YOUNG MEN AND 10:28:39 WOMEN AND THE FAMILIES, HAVE BEEN HEARD AND I THINK YOU'RE 10:28:44 IDEALLY SUITED TO MAKE THAT JUDGMENT. 10:28:45 IS THAT YOUR JUDGMENT? SENATOR, IT IS. 10:28:51 THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE SURVEY, THAT PROVIDED US 10:28:55 STATISTICALLY SOUND AND ANALYTICALLY RIGOROUS 10:28:58 INFORMATION ACROSS A WIDE SPECTRUM OF CATEGORIES, BUT IT 10:29:03 WAS THE PERSONAL ENGAGEMENT, FACE-TO-FACE, THAT MR. JOHNSON 10:29:07 AND I AND OTHER MEMBERS OF OUR TEAM CONDUCTED, THE ON-LINE 10:29:10 INBOX AND OTHER MECHANISMS THAT ALLOWED SERVICE MEMBERS AND 10:29:13 THEIR FAMILIES TO VOICE THEIR VIEWS THAT GAVE US GREAT CONTEXT 10:29:19 AND GAVE US, FRANKLY, SOME OF THE THEMES THAT WE ADDRESSED IN 10:29:22 THE SURVEY. THANK YOU. 10:29:25 AND MR. JOHNSON, AGAIN, YOU STRESS THE IMPACT, THE PENDING 10:29:31 IMPACT, OF COURT CASES WHICH ARE UNPREDICTABLE AND -- BUT IT 10:29:37 SEEMS THAT A GROWING WILLINGNESS OF COURTS TO STEP IN AND MAKE 10:29:41 DECISIONS BASED ON A CONSTITUTIONAL THEORIES ABOUT 10:29:45 THE INADEQUACY OF "DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL" AND THAT, AS YOU 10:29:49 SAID IN YOUR REMARKS, JUST WE CONFIRM AGAIN, ADD TO ANOTHER 10:29:53 DIMENSION THAT FRANKLY DIDN'T EXIST REALLY LAST FEBRUARY WHEN 10:29:56 WE STARTED TALKING ABOUT HOW DO WE DO THIS DO WE DO IT 10:30:04 LEGISLATIVELY, DO WE DO IT THE SURVEY, ET CETERA. 10:30:07 THAT'S ANOTHER FACTOR WE HAVE TO CONSIDER. 10:30:09 YES, ABSOLUTELY, SENATOR. ALL THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT 10:30:11 ARE VERY ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN THIS ISSUE RIGHT NOW. 10:30:15 FINAL QUESTION, MR. SECRETARY. 10:30:18 YOU MENTIONED IN YOUR OPENING REMARKS YOU HAD THE EXPERIENCE 10:30:20 IN 1992 IN CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY AND MY PERCEPTION WOULD 10:30:25 BE, YOU FACED SOME OF THE SAME ISSUES, WHICH WERE INITIALLY 10:30:30 OPPOSITION WITHIN THE RANKS, WITHIN THE PUBLIC, BUT YOU 10:30:35 ENSURE THAT POLICY WAS CARRIED OUT AND THAT WITHIN THE AGENCY, 10:30:41 THAT THERE ARE ANALYSTS WHO ARE REMOVED FROM SMALL UNIT 10:30:48 ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD AND THE FIELD OPERATIONS. 10:30:51 DID YOU NOTICE, AS WE HAD THIS POLICY IN PLACE NOW FOR OVER A 10:30:55 DECADE, ANY SIGNIFICANT DIFFICULTIES IN GETTING FIELD 10:30:59 OPERATORS TO ACCEPT IT? I MEAN THE COUNTERPART IF YOU 10:31:03 WILL TO THE COMBAT FORCES OF OUR MILITARY? 10:31:06 NO. IN FACT, THE POLICY HAS 10:31:10 DIRECTION THAT I MADE IN 1992, HAS NOW BEEN IN PLACE A YEAR 10:31:16 LONGER THAN "DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL," AND IN TALKING TO MY 10:31:21 SUCCESSORS, IT HAS NOT PRESENTED A PROBLEM. 10:31:23 BUT I WOULD SAY, JUST TO BE CLEAR, AS I SAID IN MY OPENING 10:31:28 STATEMENT, THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND THE INTIMACY PARTICULARLY OF 10:31:33 THOSE IN COMBAT, COMPARED WITH THOSE WORKING FOR CIA IS VERY 10:31:36 DIFFERENT. THANK YOU VERY MUCH, MR. 10:31:41 SECRETARY. THANK YOU, SENATOR REED. 10:31:43 SENATOR BROWN? THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. 10:31:48 MR. SECRETARY, I KNOW WE SPOKE PRIVATELY. 10:31:50 I APPRECIATE THAT TIME IN ORDER TO SPEED THE PROCESS AND GET 10:31:53 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. I DO JUST HAVE A COUPLE FOLLOW 10:31:57 UPS TO YOU AND POTENTIALLY THE OTHER MEMBERS OF THE PANEL. 10:32:03 IN MIRRORING WHAT SENATOR IMHOFR SAID ABOUT THE PARTICIPATION, I 10:32:10 CAN TELL YOU FIRSTHAND CONVERSATIONS WHEN I VISITED 10:32:12 AFGHANISTAN SPEAKING TO MEMBERS OF THE GUARD AND RESERVE, 10:32:14 HALFWAY THROUGH THE PROCESS WHEN THE COMMITTEE TOOK CERTAIN 10:32:17 ACTIONS, THEY FELT IT WAS A DONE DEAL AND AS A RESULT, THEY 10:32:21 DIDN'T PARTICIPATE IN THE SURVEY. 10:32:25 28% DOES NOT SEEM LIKE A HIGH NUMBER OF PARTICIPATION, 10:32:30 REGARDLESS OF THE TOTAL NUMBER AS IT REFLECTS TO THE NATURE AND 10:32:33 TOTAL AMOUNT OF SURVEYS THAT HAVE GONE FORTH. 10:32:36 IS THERE ANYTHING ADDITIONALLY YOU CAN SHED TO -- IN TERMS OF 10:32:40 YOUR UNDERSTANDING, WHETHER IT'S GENERAL HAM OR ADMIRAL MULLEN AS 10:32:45 WELL, AS TO WHY THE PARTICIPATION STILL WAS ONLY AT 10:32:49 28% AND NOT HIGHER? LET ME ASK GENERAL HAM OR MR. 10:32:57 JOHNSON TO ADDRESS SORT OF THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 10:33:00 NUMBERS. SENATOR, THE 28% OVERALL 10:33:07 RESPONSE RATE IS WELL WITHIN THE NORMAL RANGE, THE HISTORICAL 10:33:11 RANGE, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SURVEYS OF MILITARY 10:33:16 PERSONNEL. WHEN WE WORKED WITH THE COMPANY 10:33:17 WHICH ADMINISTERED THE SURVEY, WE WANTED TO MAKE SURE THAT THE 10:33:23 PROPORTIONAL NUMBER OF SURVEYS WERE DISTRIBUTED BASED ON 10:33:26 HISTORICAL RESPONSE RATES BY COMMITTEES, SERVICE AND, IN 10:33:30 FACT, EACH COMMUNITY WITHIN SERVICES HAVE HISTORICAL 10:33:34 RESPONSE RATES AND WE TRIED TO ACCOUNT FOR THAT IN THE 10:33:37 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SURVEYS. HAVING SAID THAT, THERE WERE 10:33:41 SOME -- THERE WAS SOME CONCERN ABOUT THE SLOWNESS, IF YOU WILL, 10:33:46 OF THE RESPONSE RATES FOR THE SERVICE CHIEFS, SENIOR ENLISTED 10:33:49 LEADERS OF THE SERVICES, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, AND 10:33:53 OTHERS, WOULD SEND OUT REMINDERS ENCOURAGING SERVICE MEMBERS AND 10:33:58 FAMILIES TO RESPOND. SO I'M COMFORTABLE THAT THE 10:34:00 RESPONSE RATE OVERALL WAS WITHIN NORMS AND PROBABLY MORE 10:34:06 IMPORTANTLY, SENATOR, THAT EACH CATEGORY THAT WE ANALYZED HAD A 10:34:12 STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF RESPONSES. 10:34:15 MR. SECRETARY, JUST FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE PEOPLE LISTENING 10:34:20 AND ALSO FOR THE COMMITTEE, LET'S ASSUME FOR ARGUMENT SAKE 10:34:23 THAT WE MOVE FORWARD AND WE SAY OKAY, WE'RE GOING TO ACCEPT THE 10:34:27 REPORT AND WE'RE READY TO MOVE ON AND TAKE THAT NEXT STEP AND 10:34:33 REPEAL "DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL." COULD YOU EXPLAIN WHAT THE 10:34:35 PROCESS WOULD BE IN YOUR MIND, BECAUSE A LOT OF WHAT CONCERNS 10:34:39 THAT I PERSONALLY HAVE IS SOMEONE WHO'S STILL SERVING IN 10:34:41 THE MILITARY AND OTHERS THAT HAVE CONFIDED IN ME PRIVATELY IS 10:34:45 THAT, THEY WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT BATTLE READINESS AND 10:34:49 MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS OF OUR TROOPS, MEN AND WOMEN SERVING, 10:34:52 IS NOT AFFECTED. DO YOU ENVISION SOMETHING LIKE 10:34:54 STARTING WITH THE NONCOMBAT UNITS, THE GUARD AND RESERVE, 10:34:58 MOVING UP THAT WAY AND IMPLEMENTING DOWN THE ROAD? 10:35:01 HOW WILL THE CERTIFICATION PROCESS WORK? 10:35:03 WHAT'S YOUR THOUGHT PROCESS IN ACTUALLY MOVING FORWARD WITH 10:35:08 THAT, WHILE NOT JEOPARDIZING RETENTION, BATTLE READINESS AND 10:35:11 EFFECTIVENESS? FIRST OF ALL, I THINK THAT 10:35:16 THE KEY AS THE REPORT MAKES CLEAR, IS TRAINING BOTH 10:35:22 LEADERSHIP TRAINING AND TRAINING OF THE ENTIRE FORCE. 10:35:26 THAT'S BETTER THAN 2 MILLION PEOPLE. 10:35:30 WHETHER WE WOULD BEGIN WITH ONE SEGMENT OR NOT, I THINK WE 10:35:35 HAVEN'T ADDRESSED THAT ISSUE YET. 10:35:38 BUT I WOULD TELL YOU THAT MY PERSONAL APPROACH TO THIS WOULD 10:35:43 BE, THAT UNTIL ALL THE TRAINING HAS BEEN COMPLETED, UNTIL THE 10:35:49 SERVICE CHIEFS ARE COMFORTABLE THAT THE RISKS TO UNIT COHESION 10:35:53 AND TO COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS OF A CHANGE HAD BEEN ADDRESSED TO 10:36:00 THEIR SATISFACTION, AND TO MY SATISFACTION, I WOULD NOT SIGN 10:36:04 THE CERTIFICATION. IN OTHER WORDS, MY VIEW IS, 10:36:07 BEFORE THE CERTIFICATION IS SIGNED, EVERYTHING HAS TO BE 10:36:11 DONE TO GET READY. IT'S NOT SOMETHING THAT I WOULD 10:36:15 START, THAT I WOULD CERTIFY WHILE IT WAS STILL IN PROCESS AS 10:36:20 IT WERE. THAT COULD BE FOUR MONTHS OR 10:36:24 FOUR YEARS. YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THEY'RE AT 10:36:26 THAT POINT WHERE YOU FEEL COMFORTABLE THOSE ISSUES WILL BE 10:36:28 ADDRESSED? THAT IS EXACTLY WHY I HAVE 10:36:31 BEEN VERY CAREFUL TO NOT TALK ABOUT HOW LONG I THINK THIS WILL 10:36:34 TAKE TO IMPLEMENT. I THINK PEOPLE WILL BE WATCHING 10:36:36 TO MAKE SURE WE'RE NOT SLOW ROLLING THE PROCESS, BUT BY THE 10:36:40 SAME TOKEN I'VE SAID SINCE FEBRUARY, THIS PROCESS NEEDS TO 10:36:43 BE THOROUGH AND IT NEED TO BE VERY CAREFUL AND IT NEEDS TO BE 10:36:48 COMPLETED BEFORE THE CERTIFICATION IS SIGNED IN MY 10:36:51 VIEW. IS IT YOUR TESTIMONY HERE 10:36:52 TODAY THAT YOU WILL NOT CERTIFY UNTIL YOU FEEL THAT THE PROCESS 10:37:02 CAN MOVE FORWARD WITHOUT ANY DAMAGE TO THE SAFETY AND 10:37:05 SECURITY OF OUR MEN AND WOMEN THAT ARE SERVING, NUMBER ONE, 10:37:08 AND THAT OUR BATTLE EFFECTIVENESS WILL NOT BE 10:37:11 JEOPARDIZED, NUMBER TWO? ABSOLUTELY. 10:37:13 THANK YOU. I HAVE NO FURTHER QUESTIONS. 10:37:19 SENATOR BROWN, SENATOR BEN NELSON. 10:37:21 THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN, AND THANK YOU GENTLEMEN FOR BEING 10:37:24 HERE TODAY. TO ME, THE ISSUE SEEMS TO BE NOT 10:37:29 WHETHER TO ALLOW GAYS TO SERVE IN THE MILITARY, BUT WHETHER TO 10:37:34 ALLOW THEM TO SERVE OPENLY. BUT PERMITTING THEM TO SERVE, 10:37:40 BUT NOT OPENLY, UNDERMINES THE BASIC VALUES OF THE MILITARY -- 10:37:46 HONESTY, INTEGRITY AND TRUST -- AND WHEN THAT'S UNDERMINED 10:37:51 ANYWHERE, IT'S UNDERMINED EVERYWHERE. 10:37:54 IT ALSO SEEMS THAT OUR MILITARY IS EXPECTED TO SAY, I DON'T WANT 10:38:01 TO LIE, BUT YOU WON'T LET ME TELL THE TRUTH. 10:38:05 HOW DO WE SQUARE THIS CIRCLE? I THINK THERE ARE THOSE WHO 10:38:10 LEGITIMATELY ARE CONCERNED THAT THIS WILL ADVERSELY EFFECT 10:38:15 READINESS AND NATIONAL SECURITY, AND YET, WE HAVE THE REPORT THAT 10:38:21 SEEMS TO BE SOMEWHAT OVERWHELMING IN CERTAIN AREAS, 10:38:24 SAYING IT'S TIME TO CHANGE THE LAW. 10:38:28 CAN YOU HELP ME UNDERSTAND HOW WE MOVE TO SOMETHING WHERE IT IS 10:38:37 NOW POSSIBLE TO TELL THE TRUTH? I SAY THAT BECAUSE I HEAR 10:38:42 EVERYONE SAYING TO ONE DEGREE OR ANOTHER, YOU'VE SERVED WITH 10:38:47 PEOPLE WHO ARE GAY, BUT IF YOU KNEW THEY WERE GAY, AND YOU 10:38:50 DIDN'T IT TURN THEM IN, WERE YOU LYING OR WAS HONESTY SORT OF A 10:38:57 MOBILE COMMODITY? ADMIRAL? 10:39:04 I THINK SENATOR NELSON, I MEAN YOU'VE HIT AT THE CORE, 10:39:07 FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, YOU'VE HIT AT THE CORE ISSUE AND I CAN'T 10:39:11 SQUARE THE CIRCLE. AND CERTAINLY HISTORICALLY HAVE 10:39:16 NOT BEEN ABLE TO. AND I THINK IT IS -- YOUR 10:39:19 COMMENT ABOUT, YOU KNOW, IF IT EXISTS ANYWHERE IT EXISTS 10:39:24 EVERYWHERE AND THAT'S BEEN THE CASE WITH RESPECT TO GAY AND 10:39:29 LESBIAN SERVICE FOR MY WHOLE CAREER, INCLUDING UNDER THIS 10:39:34 LAW. AND I THINK IT DOES 10:39:35 FUNDAMENTALLY UNDERMINE WHO WE ARE BECAUSE WE'RE AN INSTITUTION 10:39:40 THAT IS SO SIGNIFICANTLY FOUNDED AND BASED ON INTEGRITY. 10:39:44 SO I CAN'T SQUARE IT. SECRETARY GATES, I THINK 10:39:49 YOU'VE ALREADY SAID AND I'VE SEEN YOUR PUBLIC COMMENTS ABOUT 10:39:53 THE CORE VALUES OF THE MILITARY, WHERE HONESTY AND INTEGRITY AND 10:39:58 HONOR NEED TO PREVAIL. DOESN'T THE CURRENT SYSTEM 10:40:02 UNDERMINE THOSE VALUES? YES, SIR, IT DOES. 10:40:10 THOSE ARE THE ONLY QUESTIONS I HAVE, MR. CHAIRMAN. 10:40:14 I YIELD BACK THE IT TIME. THANK YOU VERY MUCH, SENATOR 10:40:16 NELSON. WHO IS NEXT? 10:40:19 I THINK -- SENATOR BURRES? AFTER SENATOR BURRES, SENATOR 10:40:27 COLLINS IS NEXT? THANK YOU. 10:40:30 THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. I APOLOGIZE FOR MY BRIEF 10:40:34 ABSENCE. I'M TRYING TO DO A HOMELAND 10:40:37 SECURITY HEARING AT THE SAME TIME. 10:40:40 BUT THIS IS SUCH A CRITICAL ISSUE AND I WANT TO BEGIN MY 10:40:46 REMARKS BY THANKING GENERAL HAM AND MR. JOHNSON FOR DOING AN 10:40:51 EXCELLENT JOB ON THIS REPORT AND I WANT TO THANK YOU, SECRETARY 10:40:56 GATES, FOR A THOUGHTFUL STATEMENT AND YOU, ADMIRAL 10:41:00 MULLEN, FOR YOUR VERY HEARTFELT AND STRONG STATEMENTS THIS 10:41:03 MORNING. I WANT TO GO THROUGH SOME OF THE 10:41:09 OBJECTIONS THAT WE'VE BEEN HEARING FROM THOSE WHO ARGUE 10:41:15 THAT WE SHOULD LEAVE THE CURRENT LAW IN PLACE. 10:41:20 CRITICS OF THIS REPORT STATE THAT OUR TROOPS WERE NOT ASKED 10:41:26 WHETHER THEY BELIEVED THAT "DON'T ASK, DON'T TELL" SHOULD 10:41:30 BE REPEALED. I WOULD POINT OUT THAT OUR 10:41:33 TROOPS AREN'T ASKED WHETHER THEY SHOULD BE DEPLOYED TO 10:41:36 AFGHANISTAN, THEY'RE NOT ASKED WHETHER WE SHOULD HAVE A WAR IN 10:41:41 IRAQ. THEY'RE GENERALLY NOT ASKED 10:41:44 ABOUT POLICY DECISIONS. HOWEVER, THE FACT IS, GIVEN THE 10:41:53 EXTENSIVE FEEDBACK THAT THE AUTHORS OF THE REPORT AND THE 10:41:57 TASK FORCE DID AND THAT THEY RECEIVED FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS 10:42:02 OF SERVICE MEMBERS IN THE FORMS OF SURVEY RESPONSES, E-MAILS AND 10:42:10 TOWN HALL MEETINGS, THE REPORT, IN FACT, DOES CONVEY A SENSE OF 10:42:17 WHAT SERVICE MEMBERS THINK ABOUT REPEALING THE LAWS, EVEN IF A 10:42:24 DIRECT QUESTION WAS NOT INCLUDED IN THE SURVEY. 10:42:28 I WAS STRUCK BY ONE OBSERVATION BY A SPECIAL OPS OPERATOR WHO 10:42:33 SAID, AT A TOWN HALL MEETING, QUOTE, WE HAVE A GAY GUY IN THE 10:42:38 UNIT. HE'S BIG, HE'S MEAN, AND HE 10:42:40 KILLS LOTS OF BAD GUYS AND NO ONE CARED THAT WE HUZ GAY. 10:42:49 MR. JOHNSON AND GENERAL HAM, IS IT FAIR TO CONCLUDE THAT YOUR 10:42:56 REPORT DOES INCORPORATE AND FAIRLY REPRESENTS THE VIEWS OF 10:43:02 OUR FORCES? SENATOR COLLINS, I BELIEVE IT 10:43:05 DOES. WE WERE ASKED NOT TO -- WE WERE 10:43:11 NOT SUPPOSED TO ASK THE REFERENDUM QUESTION. 10:43:13 RIGHT. HOWEVER, WE DID PUT OUT A 10:43:18 103-QUESTION SURVEY TO 400,000 SERVICE MEMBERS. 10:43:21 WE GOT BACK 115,000 RESPONSES. THE SURVEY WAS QUITE 10:43:27 COMPREHENSIVE IN ASKING IN A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT PLACES FOR 10:43:29 SERVICE MEMBERS TO PREDICT THE CONSEQUENCES OF REPEAL IN A 10:43:33 VARIETY OF CONTEXTS. I WOULD ADD TO THAT IN THE 10:43:39 72,000 E-MAILS AND IN THE 24,000 FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTIONS THAT 10:43:45 WE HAD, INVARIABLY, THE DISCUSSION AND THE INPUT WE GOT 10:43:51 WAS WHETHER TO REPEAL THE CURRENT LAW OR NOT. 10:43:54 THAT WAS ALWAYS THE TOPIC OF DISCUSSION. 10:43:59 A LOT OF THAT IS REFLECTED IN THE REPORT, WHAT WE HEARD 10:44:03 SECTION, AND SO WE BELIEVE THAT THROUGH THIS VERY COMPREHENSIVE 10:44:07 EXERCISE WE WENT THROUGH, WE DID HEAR THE FORCE ON THE QUESTION 10:44:10 OF WHETHER WE CAN DO THIS. AND OUR CONCLUSION IS AS YOU SEE 10:44:15 IT. AND PRESUMABLY, IF THERE HAD 10:44:20 BEEN WIDESPREAD AND LARGE PERCENTAGES OF SERVICE MEMBERS 10:44:26 EXPRESSING NEGATIVE VIEWS, YOU WOULD HAVE REPORTED THAT IN THE 10:44:29 REPORT, CORRECT? AS I STATED, AS WE STATED IN 10:44:35 THE REPORT, IF THE ANSWER WE GOT BACK FROM THIS EXERCISE WAS, IN 10:44:40 EFFECT, NO, WE CAN'T DO THAT, I WOULD HAVE HAD A PROFESSIONAL 10:44:44 AND FA DUSH AREARY OBLIGATION TO MY CLIENT TO REPORT THAT AND I 10:44:49 KNOW GENERAL HAM FEELS EQUALLY AS STRONG ABOUT THAT. 10:44:52 ADMIRAL MULLEN, THE SECOND OBJECTION THAT WE HEAR OVER AND 10:44:56 OVER AND OVER, IS THAT WE CANNOT IMPLEMENT THIS KIND OF CHANGE IN 10:45:02 THE MIDST OF A WAR, AND I THOUGHT YOU MADE AN EXCELLENT 10:45:07 POINT THAT THE OPPOSITE MAY BE TRUE, THAT WAR TIME FACILITATES 10:45:13 CHANGE IN SOME WAYS. AND, IN FACT, WASN'T PRESIDENT 10:45:20 TRUMAN'S 1948 ORDER TO INTEGRATE OUR FORCES ACTUALLY FULLY 10:45:28 IMPLEMENTED DURING THE KOREAN WAR? 10:45:30 IT WAS. ACTUALLY, IT WAS IMPLEMENTED 10:45:32 THROUGHOUT THAT. I DON'T THINK FULLY UNTIL 1953. 10:45:37 AND, IN FACT, ON PAGE 83 OF THE REPORT, IT SAYS, THAT WHEN 10:45:42 THE PERSONNEL SHORTAGES OF THE KOREAN WAR NECESSITATED 10:45:49 INTEGRATED UNITS, ARMY FIELD OFFICERS PLACED WHITE AND BLACK 10:45:54 SOLDIERS SIDE BY SIDE. RIGHT. 10:45:56 SO -- SENATOR COLLINS, IF I COULD, 10:45:59 I THINK I FIND IT, IN MY STUDY OF THIS, SOMEWHAT IRONIC THAT IN 10:46:04 THE YEAR THAT THIS WAS PASSED, AND IF YOU READ THE LAW IN 10:46:08 DETAIL, THERE'S A GREAT DEAL OF DISCUSSION IN THE LAW ABOUT 10:46:12 COMBAT, COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS, AT A TIME WHERE WE WERE NOT AT WAR. 10:46:16 WE HAVE BEEN AT WAR, WE'RE IN OUR TENTH YEAR RIGHT NOW, AND WE 10:46:21 UNDERSTAND WHAT IT TAKES IN COMBAT AND WHAT COMBAT 10:46:25 EFFECTIVENESS IS, BETTER THAN WE DID BACK THEN, JUST BY VIRTUE OF 10:46:29 THAT EXPERIENCE. WE HAVE CHANGED DRAMATICALLY AS 10:46:34 A MILITARY SINCE 2001, WHICH I WOULD ARGUE PUTS NOUS A GOOD 10:46:39 POSITION TO FACILITATE ADDITIONAL CHANGE. 10:46:42 THERE WOULDN'T BE A BETTER TIME TO DO IT. 10:46:45 WE ARE BETTER LED IN MY EXPERIENCE AT EVERY LEVEL THAN 10:46:48 WE HAVE EVER BEEN LED. SO LEADERS CAN DO THIS. 10:46:52 WE ARE ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OUR ABILITY TO CHANGE AND 10:46:58 SUSTAIN THAT COMBAT READINESS AND I BELIEVE MAKING A CHANGE 10:47:02 LIKE THIS MAKES US BETTER. IT DOESN'T MAKE US WORSE. 10:47:05 THANK YOU. THANK YOU, SENATOR COLLINS. 10:47:12 SENATOR WEBB? THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. 10:47:14 SECRETARY GATES I WOULD LIKE TO BEGIN BY CLARIFYING AN EXCHANGE 10:47:18 THAT YOU HAD WITH SENATOR INHOFF ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS 10:47:24 STUDY IN TERMS OF MOVING FORWARD INTO THE LAW. 10:47:26 I RECALL AN EXCHANGE THAT YOU AND I HAD ON FEBRUARY THE 2nd OF 10:47:30 THIS YEAR, WHEN YOU CAME IN -- YOU AND ADMIRAL MULLEN CAME IN 10:47:34 TO TESTIFY ON THIS AND I MADE IT VERY CLEAR AT THAT TIME, THAT 10:47:38 THIS SURVEY WAS GOING TO BE VITAL IN TERMS OF EVALUATING 10:47:43 THE -- WHETHER WE SHOULD MOVE FORWARD ON THIS LAW. 10:47:47 I HAVE HELD FIRM ON THAT POSITION. 10:47:49 IN FACT, SENATOR INHOFF IS NOT CORRECT, THIS WAS NOT A FULL 10:47:53 COMMITTEE VOTE THAT WAS DISTRICTLY ALONG PARTY -- 10:47:57 STRICTLY ALONG PARTY LINES WHEN WE HAD THE VOTE WHETHER TO MOVE 10:47:59 FORWARD BEFORE THIS SURVEY CAME IN. 10:48:01 I VOTED AGAINST MOVING FORWARD ON THIS LEGISLATION. 10:48:08 BEFORE WE GOT THE RESULTS OF THIS SURVEY, BECAUSE I BELIEVE 10:48:11 VERY STRONGLY THAT IT IS IMPORTANT TO LISTEN TO THE 10:48:15 PEOPLE WHO ARE SERVING AND IT TO CONSIDER THEIR VIEWS AND I -- AS 10:48:20 I MENTIONED, GENERAL HAM, WHEN HE CAME FORWARD IN HIS 10:48:25 CONFIRMATION HEARING NOT LONG AGO, THIS IS REALLY, IN MY VIEW, 10:48:28 AN INCREDIBLE PIECE OF WORK. I WAS PRIVILEGED TO BE ABLE TO 10:48:33 SIT DOWN WITH GENERAL HAM AND MR. JOHNSON ON A COUPLE OF 10:48:37 OCCASIONS TO GIVE MY VIEWS ABOUT HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO LISTEN TO 10:48:42 NOT ONLY ALL DIFFERENT SERVICES, BUT THE RANK STRUCTURE, THE 10:48:46 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE, AND I BELIEVE YOU HAVE REALLY DONE THE 10:48:49 JOB HERE. IT'S A 343-PAGE REPORT, 160,000 10:48:56 RESPONDENTS, AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, THIS WAS DONE 10:49:00 WITHOUT POLITICIZING THE MEN AND WOMEN IN UNIFORM, WHICH IS 10:49:03 VITALLY IMPORTANT IN OUR SOCIETY. 10:49:05 SO I WOULD LIKE TO SAY THAT THIS REPORT IS PROBABLY THE MOST 10:49:14 CRUCIAL PIECE OF INFORMATION THAT WE HAVE IN TERMS OF REALLY 10:49:19 OBJECTIVELY MOVING FORWARD IN ORDER TO ADDRESS THE LAW. 10:49:24 I WOULD LIKE TO ASK FIRST OF ALL, GENERAL HAM, I WOULD LIKE 10:49:27 TO ASK A QUESTION. DO YOU -- OF YOU, TO BEGIN WITH. 10:49:34 DO WE HAVE ANY IDEA WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE UNITED STATES 10:49:39 MILITARY TODAY IS GAY OR LESBIAN? 10:49:42 SENATOR, WE DO. OBVIOUSLY IT'S IMPRECISE BECAUSE 10:49:48 WE CANNOT ASK THAT QUESTION UNDER THE CURRENT LAW. 10:49:50 BUT IN ITS -- IN RAND'S UPDATE OF THEIR 1993 STUDY, THEY DID 10:49:55 SOME WORK IN THIS REGARD AND ADMITTEDLY AN ESTIMATE, BUT THE 10:49:59 ESTIMATE IS THAT THE MILITARY POPULATION AS A WHOLE IS ABOUT 10:50:03 THE SAME AS THE GENERAL POPULATION, SOMEWHERE IN THE 2% 10:50:10 TO 3%. IT IS RAND'S ASSESSMENT THAT GAY 10:50:14 MEN ARE PROBABLY A LOWER PERCENTAGE IN THE MILITARY AND 10:50:18 LESBIANS ARE PROBABLY A HIGHER PERCENTAGE IN THE MILITARY THAN 10:50:21 IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. THANK YOU. 10:50:24 SECRETARY GATES, I WOULD LIKE TO FOLLOW ON TO A QUESTION A QUESTS 10:50:32 ASKED EARLIER ABOUT THE DECISION YOU MADE IN 1992 AT THE CIA, IN 10:50:38 ORDER TO SORT OF ELIMINATE THIS ISSUE IN RECRUITMENT AND 10:50:42 ADVANCEMENT IN THE CIA. THERE ARE ELEMENTS IN THE CIA 10:50:49 WHO PERFORM FUNCTIONS THAT ARE PRETTY SIMILAR TO MILITARY 10:50:53 FUNCTIONS, ARE THERE NOT? YES, THERE ARE SOME. 10:50:58 HAVE YOU HEARD OF ANY UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES BASED 10:51:04 ON YOUR DECISION IN THOSE UNITS, TAKING PLACE IN THOSE UNITS? 10:51:07 NOT ONE. OKAY. 10:51:12 ADMIRAL MULLEN, A QUESTION THAT OCCURS TO ME WHEN WE LOOK AT THE 10:51:16 DISPARITY IN THE PERCENTAGES WITH RESPECT TO GROUND COMBAT 10:51:21 UNITS, ARMY AND MARINE CORPS. I TAKE YOUR POINT, OR THE POINT 10:51:26 IN THE STUDY, ABOUT THE PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE 10:51:30 SERVED ALONGSIDE GAY MEMBERS AND HAVING A HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF 10:51:35 COMFORT -- HIGHER COMFORT LEVEL, BUT DO YOU HAVE A DIFFERENT 10:51:42 LEADERSHIP APPROACH? YOU KNOW, WHAT WOULD BE THE 10:51:45 LEADERSHIP APPROACH THAT YOU'RE CONTEMPLATING IN TERMS OF THOSE 10:51:48 TYPES OF UNITS? WELL, I THINK THAT, AGAIN, 10:51:54 THE REPORT ITSELF DID A TERRIFIC JOB IN FLAGGING THOSE AREAS THAT 10:51:58 WE REALLY WOULD NEED TO FOCUS ON, AND IT GOES BACK TO WHAT THE 10:52:02 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE SAID, AND I AGREE COMPLETELY. 10:52:05 UNTIL WE'VE MITIGATED THAT TO AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL, UNTIL WE'VE 10:52:09 DONE THE TRAINING, AND AS IN MY REMARKS, THAT THE MARINE WHO 10:52:15 SAID IF THIS CHANGES, YOU KNOW, WE'LL DO IT BETTER THAN ANYBODY 10:52:19 ELSE. SO, THIS HAS TO BE, MORE THAN 10:52:20 ANYTHING ELSE, SHOULD IT CHANGE, IT'S GOT TO BE WELL LED. 10:52:24 WE UNDERSTAND WHERE THAT LEADERSHIP NEEDS TO BE APPLIED, 10:52:27 AND I WOULD NOT CERTIFY UNTIL WE HAD MITIGATED TO A POINT WHERE 10:52:32 IT WAS -- WHERE WE HAD -- WHERE WE WERE SATISFIED THAT WE COULD 10:52:36 MOVE AHEAD. SO, WE WOULD FOCUS ON THOSE 10:52:40 ALL-MALE COMBAT UNITS WHO DIDN'T HAVE EXPOSURE AND CERTAINLY DO 10:52:43 IT IN A WAY FROM A TRAINING STANDPOINT, FROM A LEADERSHIP 10:52:47 STANDPOINT, THAT WAS INTENSE ENOUGH TO ACHIEVE THE OUTCOME 10:52:49 THAT WE WANTED THERE. THANK YOU. 10:52:53 I'D JUST LIKE TO, AGAIN, CONCLUDE BY EXPRESSING MY 10:53:00 RESPECT AND APPRECIATION FOR THE WORK THAT GENERAL HAM AND MR. 10:53:04 JOHNSON, YOU DID ON THIS SURVEY. IT'S REALLY A LANDMARK PIECE OF 10:53:07 WORK, IN MY VIEW. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. 10:53:09 THANK YOU, SENATOR WEBB. WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A 10:53:11 FIVE-MINUTE RECESS.